Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya

Aspirations have been shown to positively influence future-oriented behavior and ensuing outcomes. But they may also fail to do so when the aspired-to-status is too far away from the current one. Theoretical predictions suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship between this aspiration gap and the ef...

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Autores principales: Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr., Heckelei, Thomas, Rasch, Sebastian
Formato: Conference Paper
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/141444
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author Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
Heckelei, Thomas
Rasch, Sebastian
author_browse Heckelei, Thomas
Rasch, Sebastian
Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
author_facet Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
Heckelei, Thomas
Rasch, Sebastian
author_sort Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Aspirations have been shown to positively influence future-oriented behavior and ensuing outcomes. But they may also fail to do so when the aspired-to-status is too far away from the current one. Theoretical predictions suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship between this aspiration gap and the effort to achieve what is aspired to. Aspirations that are ahead but not too far ahead of the current status serve as the best incentives for investments. We examine the income aspiration gap of smallholder households and relate it to livestock in a pastoral setting in Northern Kenya. Our focus on livestock is guided by the burgeoning recognition of livestock as an investment and saving conduit for many households in pastoral communities in developing nations. Employing different empirical strategies including parametric and semiparametric techniques, we find livestock to be increasing with aspirations up to a threshold, from which it then declines leading to an aspiration failure. Different U-shaped tests confirm this relationship, bolstering the evidence of an aspiration failure. To unpack which livestock matters more relative to the others, we perform some heterogeneity analysis and found cattle to respond most to the aspiration gap. The findings are robust to the inclusion of relevant controls, truncations at zero and different variable transformations. We also show that the findings are unlikely to be driven by unobserved heterogeneity. A dive into mechanisms reveals that the internal locus of control, i.e. the degree to which individuals believe they control outcomes in their lives, decreases with the aspiration gap. Our findings have two implications: first, it reinforces previous claims of the role of psychological constraints on poverty reduction and rural development. More importantly, it has implications for the current debates and plans for boosting the development of the livestock sector in Africa as a pathway to overall economic development.
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spelling CGSpace1414442024-11-13T12:23:13Z Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr. Heckelei, Thomas Rasch, Sebastian economic development investment poverty alleviation households smallholders rural development aspirations livestock behaviour Aspirations have been shown to positively influence future-oriented behavior and ensuing outcomes. But they may also fail to do so when the aspired-to-status is too far away from the current one. Theoretical predictions suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship between this aspiration gap and the effort to achieve what is aspired to. Aspirations that are ahead but not too far ahead of the current status serve as the best incentives for investments. We examine the income aspiration gap of smallholder households and relate it to livestock in a pastoral setting in Northern Kenya. Our focus on livestock is guided by the burgeoning recognition of livestock as an investment and saving conduit for many households in pastoral communities in developing nations. Employing different empirical strategies including parametric and semiparametric techniques, we find livestock to be increasing with aspirations up to a threshold, from which it then declines leading to an aspiration failure. Different U-shaped tests confirm this relationship, bolstering the evidence of an aspiration failure. To unpack which livestock matters more relative to the others, we perform some heterogeneity analysis and found cattle to respond most to the aspiration gap. The findings are robust to the inclusion of relevant controls, truncations at zero and different variable transformations. We also show that the findings are unlikely to be driven by unobserved heterogeneity. A dive into mechanisms reveals that the internal locus of control, i.e. the degree to which individuals believe they control outcomes in their lives, decreases with the aspiration gap. Our findings have two implications: first, it reinforces previous claims of the role of psychological constraints on poverty reduction and rural development. More importantly, it has implications for the current debates and plans for boosting the development of the livestock sector in Africa as a pathway to overall economic development. 2022-08-01 2024-04-12T13:37:57Z 2024-04-12T13:37:57Z Conference Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/141444 en Open Access Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.; Heckelei, Thomas; and Rasch, Sebastian. 2023. Aspirations and Investments in Livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA) Conference Papers 24353. https://purl.umn.edu/322435
spellingShingle economic development
investment
poverty alleviation
households
smallholders
rural development
aspirations
livestock
behaviour
Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
Heckelei, Thomas
Rasch, Sebastian
Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya
title Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya
title_full Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya
title_fullStr Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya
title_short Aspirations and investments in livestock: Evidence of an aspiration failure in Kenya
title_sort aspirations and investments in livestock evidence of an aspiration failure in kenya
topic economic development
investment
poverty alleviation
households
smallholders
rural development
aspirations
livestock
behaviour
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/141444
work_keys_str_mv AT tabeojongmartinpauljr aspirationsandinvestmentsinlivestockevidenceofanaspirationfailureinkenya
AT heckeleithomas aspirationsandinvestmentsinlivestockevidenceofanaspirationfailureinkenya
AT raschsebastian aspirationsandinvestmentsinlivestockevidenceofanaspirationfailureinkenya