Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Background and Aims Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is a fundamental human right and essential to control infectious diseases. However, many countries, including Ethiopia, do not have adequate data to report on basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Although con...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/137673 |
| _version_ | 1855543144868741120 |
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| author | Girmay, A.M. Mengesha, S.D. Dinssa, D.A. Alemu, Z.A. Wagari, B. Weldegebriel, M.G. Serte, M.G. Alemayehu, T.A. Kenea, M.A. Weldetinsae, A. Teklu, K.T. Adugna, E.A. Awoke, K.S. Bedada, T.L. Gobena, W. Fikreslassie, G. Wube, W. Hoffmann, Vivian Tessema, M. Tollera, G. |
| author_browse | Adugna, E.A. Alemayehu, T.A. Alemu, Z.A. Awoke, K.S. Bedada, T.L. Dinssa, D.A. Fikreslassie, G. Girmay, A.M. Gobena, W. Hoffmann, Vivian Kenea, M.A. Mengesha, S.D. Serte, M.G. Teklu, K.T. Tessema, M. Tollera, G. Wagari, B. Weldegebriel, M.G. Weldetinsae, A. Wube, W. |
| author_facet | Girmay, A.M. Mengesha, S.D. Dinssa, D.A. Alemu, Z.A. Wagari, B. Weldegebriel, M.G. Serte, M.G. Alemayehu, T.A. Kenea, M.A. Weldetinsae, A. Teklu, K.T. Adugna, E.A. Awoke, K.S. Bedada, T.L. Gobena, W. Fikreslassie, G. Wube, W. Hoffmann, Vivian Tessema, M. Tollera, G. |
| author_sort | Girmay, A.M. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Background and Aims
Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is a fundamental human right and essential to control infectious diseases. However, many countries, including Ethiopia, do not have adequate data to report on basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Although contaminated drinking water spreads diseases like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, and dysentery, studies on drinking water contamination risk levels in households are limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, closing this gap needs investigation.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 5350 households were included. A systematic, simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The information was gathered through in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Furthermore, 1070 drinking water samples were collected from household water storage.
Results
This investigation revealed that 9.8%, 83.9%, and 4.9% of households used limited, basic, and safely managed drinking water services, respectively. Besides, 10.2%, 15.7% and 59.3% of households used safely managed, basic and limited sanitation services, respectively. Yet, 10.6% and 4.2% of households used unimproved sanitation facilities and open defecation practices. Also, 40.5% and 19.4% of households used limited and basic hygiene services. On the other hand, 40.1% of households lacked functional handwashing facilities. In this study, 12.1%, 26.3%, and 42% of households’ drinking water samples were positive for Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms, respectively. Also, 5.1% and 4.5% of households’ drinking water samples had very high and high contamination risk levels for E. coli, respectively. We found that 2.5% and 11.5% of households and water distributors had unacceptable fluoride concentrations, respectively.
Conclusion
The majority of households in Bishoftu town lack access to safely managed sanitation, drinking water, and basic hygiene services. Many households’ water samples had very high and high health risk levels. Hence, the government and partner organizations should implement water and sanitation safety plans. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace137673 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateRange | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| publisherStr | Wiley |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1376732025-10-26T12:51:05Z Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study Girmay, A.M. Mengesha, S.D. Dinssa, D.A. Alemu, Z.A. Wagari, B. Weldegebriel, M.G. Serte, M.G. Alemayehu, T.A. Kenea, M.A. Weldetinsae, A. Teklu, K.T. Adugna, E.A. Awoke, K.S. Bedada, T.L. Gobena, W. Fikreslassie, G. Wube, W. Hoffmann, Vivian Tessema, M. Tollera, G. water hygiene Background and Aims Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is a fundamental human right and essential to control infectious diseases. However, many countries, including Ethiopia, do not have adequate data to report on basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Although contaminated drinking water spreads diseases like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, and dysentery, studies on drinking water contamination risk levels in households are limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, closing this gap needs investigation. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 5350 households were included. A systematic, simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The information was gathered through in-person interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Furthermore, 1070 drinking water samples were collected from household water storage. Results This investigation revealed that 9.8%, 83.9%, and 4.9% of households used limited, basic, and safely managed drinking water services, respectively. Besides, 10.2%, 15.7% and 59.3% of households used safely managed, basic and limited sanitation services, respectively. Yet, 10.6% and 4.2% of households used unimproved sanitation facilities and open defecation practices. Also, 40.5% and 19.4% of households used limited and basic hygiene services. On the other hand, 40.1% of households lacked functional handwashing facilities. In this study, 12.1%, 26.3%, and 42% of households’ drinking water samples were positive for Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms, respectively. Also, 5.1% and 4.5% of households’ drinking water samples had very high and high contamination risk levels for E. coli, respectively. We found that 2.5% and 11.5% of households and water distributors had unacceptable fluoride concentrations, respectively. Conclusion The majority of households in Bishoftu town lack access to safely managed sanitation, drinking water, and basic hygiene services. Many households’ water samples had very high and high health risk levels. Hence, the government and partner organizations should implement water and sanitation safety plans. 2023-11 2024-01-12T22:15:03Z 2024-01-12T22:15:03Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/137673 en https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071296 Open Access Wiley Girmay, A.M., Mengesha, S.D., Dinssa, D.A., Alemu, Z.A., Wagari, B., Weldegebriel, M.G., Serte, M.G., Alemayehu, T.A., Kenea, M.A., Weldetinsae, A., Teklu, K.T., Adugna, E.A., Awoke, K.S., Bedada, T.L., Gobena, W., Fikreslassie, G., Wube, W., Hoffmann, V., Tessema, M. and Tollera, G. 2023. Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Health Science Reports 6(11): e1662. |
| spellingShingle | water hygiene Girmay, A.M. Mengesha, S.D. Dinssa, D.A. Alemu, Z.A. Wagari, B. Weldegebriel, M.G. Serte, M.G. Alemayehu, T.A. Kenea, M.A. Weldetinsae, A. Teklu, K.T. Adugna, E.A. Awoke, K.S. Bedada, T.L. Gobena, W. Fikreslassie, G. Wube, W. Hoffmann, Vivian Tessema, M. Tollera, G. Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study |
| title | Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | access to water sanitation and hygiene wash services and drinking water contamination risk levels in households of bishoftu town ethiopia a cross sectional study |
| topic | water hygiene |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/137673 |
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