Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation

Groundwater irrigated agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global groundwater withdrawals and around 38% of the total irrigated area. The indiscriminate use of groundwater has resulted in the depletion of groundwater resources across many regions globally. To ensure sustainable use, it is i...

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Autores principales: Alam, Mohammad Faiz, Pavelic, Paul, Sikka, Alok, Krishnan, S., Dodiya, M., Bhadaliya, P., Joshi, V.
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/136066
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author Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sikka, Alok
Krishnan, S.
Dodiya, M.
Bhadaliya, P.
Joshi, V.
author_browse Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Bhadaliya, P.
Dodiya, M.
Joshi, V.
Krishnan, S.
Pavelic, Paul
Sikka, Alok
author_facet Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sikka, Alok
Krishnan, S.
Dodiya, M.
Bhadaliya, P.
Joshi, V.
author_sort Alam, Mohammad Faiz
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Groundwater irrigated agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global groundwater withdrawals and around 38% of the total irrigated area. The indiscriminate use of groundwater has resulted in the depletion of groundwater resources across many regions globally. To ensure sustainable use, it is imperative to limit abstraction to within the average annual recharge rate. However, in agricultural systems in many developing countries, including India, where millions of smallholder farmers use individual wells for pumping, monitoring, and reliable data are lacking. This study proposes an energy-based approach to estimate groundwater abstraction, providing a low-cost method for deriving estimates of moderate accuracy. The research focuses on two areas with contrasting aquifer conditions in Gujarat, India: one alluvial and one hard rock. Using pump and well data, a conversion factor (CF) relating to the volume of water abstracted per unit of energy consumed is determined. In hard rock aquifers, the conversion factor decreases from an average of 6.0 m³ kWh−1 for 3 HP pumps to 4.7 m³ kWh−1 for 7.5 HP pumps. In alluvial aquifers characterized by higher aquifer transmissivity and flow rates, the conversion factor decreases from an average of 9.4 m³ kWh−1 for 10 HP pumps to 4.7 m³ kWh− 1 for 20 HP pumps. The developed relationship shows that CF is related to factors such as pump horsepower, well characteristics, groundwater levels, and pump age. The CF relationship with pump and well characteristics is more robust (R2 ∼ 0.75) in alluvial aquifers compared to the hard rock aquifer (R2 ∼ 0.49). The developed models provide satisfactory estimates of groundwater abstraction, with R2 ∼ 0.92 for alluvial aquifers and ∼0.69 for hard rock aquifers, as compared to observed data on groundwater abstraction. This energy-based approach offers a cost-effective means of monitoring groundwater abstraction, particularly crucial in regions with heavily developed groundwater resources.
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spelling CGSpace1360662025-10-26T12:52:53Z Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation Alam, Mohammad Faiz Pavelic, Paul Sikka, Alok Krishnan, S. Dodiya, M. Bhadaliya, P. Joshi, V. energy consumption groundwater extraction groundwater irrigation pumps pumping smallholders farmers water use aquifers monitoring sustainability Groundwater irrigated agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global groundwater withdrawals and around 38% of the total irrigated area. The indiscriminate use of groundwater has resulted in the depletion of groundwater resources across many regions globally. To ensure sustainable use, it is imperative to limit abstraction to within the average annual recharge rate. However, in agricultural systems in many developing countries, including India, where millions of smallholder farmers use individual wells for pumping, monitoring, and reliable data are lacking. This study proposes an energy-based approach to estimate groundwater abstraction, providing a low-cost method for deriving estimates of moderate accuracy. The research focuses on two areas with contrasting aquifer conditions in Gujarat, India: one alluvial and one hard rock. Using pump and well data, a conversion factor (CF) relating to the volume of water abstracted per unit of energy consumed is determined. In hard rock aquifers, the conversion factor decreases from an average of 6.0 m³ kWh−1 for 3 HP pumps to 4.7 m³ kWh−1 for 7.5 HP pumps. In alluvial aquifers characterized by higher aquifer transmissivity and flow rates, the conversion factor decreases from an average of 9.4 m³ kWh−1 for 10 HP pumps to 4.7 m³ kWh− 1 for 20 HP pumps. The developed relationship shows that CF is related to factors such as pump horsepower, well characteristics, groundwater levels, and pump age. The CF relationship with pump and well characteristics is more robust (R2 ∼ 0.75) in alluvial aquifers compared to the hard rock aquifer (R2 ∼ 0.49). The developed models provide satisfactory estimates of groundwater abstraction, with R2 ∼ 0.92 for alluvial aquifers and ∼0.69 for hard rock aquifers, as compared to observed data on groundwater abstraction. This energy-based approach offers a cost-effective means of monitoring groundwater abstraction, particularly crucial in regions with heavily developed groundwater resources. 2023-11 2023-12-31T22:52:25Z 2023-12-31T22:52:25Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/136066 en Open Access Elsevier Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Pavelic, Paul; Sikka, Alok; Krishnan, S.; Dodiya, M.; Bhadaliya, P.; Joshi, V. 2023. Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 23:101035. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.101035]
spellingShingle energy consumption
groundwater extraction
groundwater irrigation
pumps
pumping
smallholders
farmers
water use
aquifers
monitoring
sustainability
Alam, Mohammad Faiz
Pavelic, Paul
Sikka, Alok
Krishnan, S.
Dodiya, M.
Bhadaliya, P.
Joshi, V.
Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
title Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
title_full Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
title_fullStr Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
title_full_unstemmed Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
title_short Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
title_sort energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation
topic energy consumption
groundwater extraction
groundwater irrigation
pumps
pumping
smallholders
farmers
water use
aquifers
monitoring
sustainability
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/136066
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