Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica

The milpa system is the basis of traditional agriculture in Mesoamerica. It is based on a polyculture of maize (Zea mays L.), bean (Phaseolus spp.) and squash (Cucurbita spp.) and is associated with a great diversity of crops and wild species. The milpa has great cultural and historical importance b...

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Main Authors: Fonteyne, Simon, Castillo Caamal, José B., López Ridaura, Santiago, Loon, Jelle J. van, Espidio Balbuena, Juan, Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario, Martínez Hernández, Fermin, Odjo, Sylvanus, Verhulst, Nele
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Frontiers Media 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129866
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author Fonteyne, Simon
Castillo Caamal, José B.
López Ridaura, Santiago
Loon, Jelle J. van
Espidio Balbuena, Juan
Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario
Martínez Hernández, Fermin
Odjo, Sylvanus
Verhulst, Nele
author_browse Castillo Caamal, José B.
Espidio Balbuena, Juan
Fonteyne, Simon
Loon, Jelle J. van
López Ridaura, Santiago
Martínez Hernández, Fermin
Odjo, Sylvanus
Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario
Verhulst, Nele
author_facet Fonteyne, Simon
Castillo Caamal, José B.
López Ridaura, Santiago
Loon, Jelle J. van
Espidio Balbuena, Juan
Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario
Martínez Hernández, Fermin
Odjo, Sylvanus
Verhulst, Nele
author_sort Fonteyne, Simon
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description The milpa system is the basis of traditional agriculture in Mesoamerica. It is based on a polyculture of maize (Zea mays L.), bean (Phaseolus spp.) and squash (Cucurbita spp.) and is associated with a great diversity of crops and wild species. The milpa has great cultural and historical importance but can also be highly productive and provide sufficient and healthy diets for smallholder farmers. The milpa system is practiced less and less however, mainly due to socioeconomic changes, but also due to a lack of agronomic knowledge adapted to current conditions. To provide a starting point for new agronomic research, we reviewed the scientific literature to identify the current knowledge on milpa agronomy and determine research priorities to further improve the system. Given the wide diversity of conditions under which milpa is practiced, agronomic research is lacking, but indicates that improvements to the milpa can be made in all aspects of the milpa. 176 research articles on the milpa system were found in databases, of which 61 treated agronomic research. The main agronomic topics described in literature are crop variety, soil fertility management, weed management and productivity. Most research has focused only on maize and studies reporting on the associated crops are scarce. More research on all aspects of the milpa is needed to understand and improve the agronomy of the system under the changing conditions of modern agriculture. Reducing the workload associated with the milpa, as well as soil fertility and weed management can be identified as research priorities.
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publishDate 2023
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spelling CGSpace1298662025-12-08T10:29:22Z Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica Fonteyne, Simon Castillo Caamal, José B. López Ridaura, Santiago Loon, Jelle J. van Espidio Balbuena, Juan Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario Martínez Hernández, Fermin Odjo, Sylvanus Verhulst, Nele beans maize intercropping The milpa system is the basis of traditional agriculture in Mesoamerica. It is based on a polyculture of maize (Zea mays L.), bean (Phaseolus spp.) and squash (Cucurbita spp.) and is associated with a great diversity of crops and wild species. The milpa has great cultural and historical importance but can also be highly productive and provide sufficient and healthy diets for smallholder farmers. The milpa system is practiced less and less however, mainly due to socioeconomic changes, but also due to a lack of agronomic knowledge adapted to current conditions. To provide a starting point for new agronomic research, we reviewed the scientific literature to identify the current knowledge on milpa agronomy and determine research priorities to further improve the system. Given the wide diversity of conditions under which milpa is practiced, agronomic research is lacking, but indicates that improvements to the milpa can be made in all aspects of the milpa. 176 research articles on the milpa system were found in databases, of which 61 treated agronomic research. The main agronomic topics described in literature are crop variety, soil fertility management, weed management and productivity. Most research has focused only on maize and studies reporting on the associated crops are scarce. More research on all aspects of the milpa is needed to understand and improve the agronomy of the system under the changing conditions of modern agriculture. Reducing the workload associated with the milpa, as well as soil fertility and weed management can be identified as research priorities. 2023 2023-03-31T18:34:30Z 2023-03-31T18:34:30Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129866 en Open Access application/pdf Frontiers Media Fonteyne, S., Castillo Caamal, J. B., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Van Loon, J., Espidio Balbuena, J., Osorio Alcalá, L., Martínez Hernández, F., Odjo, S., & Verhulst, N. (2023). Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica. Frontiers in Agronomy, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1115490
spellingShingle beans
maize
intercropping
Fonteyne, Simon
Castillo Caamal, José B.
López Ridaura, Santiago
Loon, Jelle J. van
Espidio Balbuena, Juan
Osorio Alcalá, Leodegario
Martínez Hernández, Fermin
Odjo, Sylvanus
Verhulst, Nele
Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica
title Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica
title_full Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica
title_fullStr Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica
title_full_unstemmed Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica
title_short Review of agronomic research on the milpa, the traditional polyculture system of Mesoamerica
title_sort review of agronomic research on the milpa the traditional polyculture system of mesoamerica
topic beans
maize
intercropping
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129866
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