Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya
Abstract. The East African lowland and highland areas consist of water-limited and humid ecosystems. The magnitude and seasonality of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions and concentrations from these functionally contrasting ecosystems are limited due to a scarcity of direct observ...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Copernicus GmbH
2021
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129473 |
| _version_ | 1855518943386533888 |
|---|---|
| author | Liu, Yang Schallhart, Simon Taipale, Ditte Tykkä, Toni Räsänen, Matti Merbold, Lutz Hellén, Heidi Pellikka, Petri |
| author_browse | Hellén, Heidi Liu, Yang Merbold, Lutz Pellikka, Petri Räsänen, Matti Schallhart, Simon Taipale, Ditte Tykkä, Toni |
| author_facet | Liu, Yang Schallhart, Simon Taipale, Ditte Tykkä, Toni Räsänen, Matti Merbold, Lutz Hellén, Heidi Pellikka, Petri |
| author_sort | Liu, Yang |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Abstract. The East African lowland and highland areas consist of water-limited and humid ecosystems. The magnitude and seasonality of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions and concentrations from these functionally contrasting ecosystems are limited due to a scarcity of direct observations. We measured mixing ratios of BVOCs from two contrasting ecosystems, humid highlands with agroforestry and dry lowlands with bushland, grassland, and agriculture mosaics, during both the rainy and dry seasons of 2019 in southern Kenya. We present the diurnal and seasonal characteristics of BVOC mixing ratios and their reactivity and estimated emission factors (EFs) for certain BVOCs from the African lowland ecosystem based on field measurements. The most abundant BVOCs were isoprene and monoterpenoids (MTs), with isoprene contributing > 70 % of the total BVOC mixing ratio during daytime, while MTs accounted for > 50 % of the total BVOC mixing ratio during nighttime at both sites. The contributions of BVOCs to the local atmospheric chemistry were estimated by calculating the reactivity towards the hydroxyl radical (OH), ozone (O3), and the nitrate radical (NO3). Isoprene and MTs contributed the most to the reactivity of OH and NO3, while sesquiterpenes dominated the contribution of organic compounds to the reactivity of O3. The mixing ratio of isoprene measured in this study was lower than that measured in the relevant ecosystems in western and southern Africa, while that of monoterpenoids was similar. Isoprene mixing ratios peaked daily between 16:00 and 20:00 (all times are given as East Africa Time, UTC+3), with a maximum mixing ratio of 809 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) and 156 pptv in the highlands and 115 and 25 pptv in the lowlands during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. MT mixing ratios reached their daily maximum between midnight and early morning (usually 04:00 to 08:00), with mixing ratios of 254 and 56 pptv in the highlands and 89 and 7 pptv in the lowlands in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The dominant species within the MT group were limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. EFs for isoprene, MTs, and 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) were estimated using an inverse modeling approach. The estimated EFs for isoprene and β-pinene agreed very well with what is currently assumed in the world's most extensively used biogenic emissions model, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), for warm C4 grass, but the estimated EFs for MBO, α-pinene, and especially limonene were significantly higher than that assumed in MEGAN for the relevant plant functional type. Additionally, our results indicate that the EF for limonene might be seasonally dependent in savanna ecosystems. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace129473 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Copernicus GmbH |
| publisherStr | Copernicus GmbH |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1294732025-12-08T09:54:28Z Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya Liu, Yang Schallhart, Simon Taipale, Ditte Tykkä, Toni Räsänen, Matti Merbold, Lutz Hellén, Heidi Pellikka, Petri ecosystems lowland kenya organic compounds Abstract. The East African lowland and highland areas consist of water-limited and humid ecosystems. The magnitude and seasonality of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions and concentrations from these functionally contrasting ecosystems are limited due to a scarcity of direct observations. We measured mixing ratios of BVOCs from two contrasting ecosystems, humid highlands with agroforestry and dry lowlands with bushland, grassland, and agriculture mosaics, during both the rainy and dry seasons of 2019 in southern Kenya. We present the diurnal and seasonal characteristics of BVOC mixing ratios and their reactivity and estimated emission factors (EFs) for certain BVOCs from the African lowland ecosystem based on field measurements. The most abundant BVOCs were isoprene and monoterpenoids (MTs), with isoprene contributing > 70 % of the total BVOC mixing ratio during daytime, while MTs accounted for > 50 % of the total BVOC mixing ratio during nighttime at both sites. The contributions of BVOCs to the local atmospheric chemistry were estimated by calculating the reactivity towards the hydroxyl radical (OH), ozone (O3), and the nitrate radical (NO3). Isoprene and MTs contributed the most to the reactivity of OH and NO3, while sesquiterpenes dominated the contribution of organic compounds to the reactivity of O3. The mixing ratio of isoprene measured in this study was lower than that measured in the relevant ecosystems in western and southern Africa, while that of monoterpenoids was similar. Isoprene mixing ratios peaked daily between 16:00 and 20:00 (all times are given as East Africa Time, UTC+3), with a maximum mixing ratio of 809 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) and 156 pptv in the highlands and 115 and 25 pptv in the lowlands during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. MT mixing ratios reached their daily maximum between midnight and early morning (usually 04:00 to 08:00), with mixing ratios of 254 and 56 pptv in the highlands and 89 and 7 pptv in the lowlands in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The dominant species within the MT group were limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene. EFs for isoprene, MTs, and 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) were estimated using an inverse modeling approach. The estimated EFs for isoprene and β-pinene agreed very well with what is currently assumed in the world's most extensively used biogenic emissions model, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), for warm C4 grass, but the estimated EFs for MBO, α-pinene, and especially limonene were significantly higher than that assumed in MEGAN for the relevant plant functional type. Additionally, our results indicate that the EF for limonene might be seasonally dependent in savanna ecosystems. 2021-10-06 2023-03-10T14:36:13Z 2023-03-10T14:36:13Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129473 en Open Access Copernicus GmbH Liu, Yang; Schallhart, Simon; Taipale, Ditte; Tykkä, Toni; Räsänen, Matti; Merbold, Lutz; Hellén, Heidi; Pellikka, Petri. 2021. Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21: 14761-14787 |
| spellingShingle | ecosystems lowland kenya organic compounds Liu, Yang Schallhart, Simon Taipale, Ditte Tykkä, Toni Räsänen, Matti Merbold, Lutz Hellén, Heidi Pellikka, Petri Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya |
| title | Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya |
| title_full | Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya |
| title_short | Seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern Kenya |
| title_sort | seasonal and diurnal variations in biogenic volatile organic compounds in highland and lowland ecosystems in southern kenya |
| topic | ecosystems lowland kenya organic compounds |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129473 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT liuyang seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT schallhartsimon seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT taipaleditte seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT tykkatoni seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT rasanenmatti seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT merboldlutz seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT hellenheidi seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya AT pellikkapetri seasonalanddiurnalvariationsinbiogenicvolatileorganiccompoundsinhighlandandlowlandecosystemsinsouthernkenya |