A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle

We present the draft genome for the Rickettsia endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis (REIS), a symbiont of the deer tick vector of Lyme disease in North America. Among Rickettsia species ( Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales ), REIS has the largest genome sequenced to date (>2 Mb) and contains 2,309 gene...

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Autores principales: Gillespie, Joseph J., Joardar, Vinita S., Williams, Kelly P., Driscoll, Timothy, Hostetler, Jessica B., Nordberg, Eric, Shukla, Maulik, Walenz, Brian P., Hill, Catherine A., Nene, Vishvanath M., Azad, Abdu F., Sobral, Bruno W., Caler, Elisabet
Formato: Journal Article
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129340
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author Gillespie, Joseph J.
Joardar, Vinita S.
Williams, Kelly P.
Driscoll, Timothy
Hostetler, Jessica B.
Nordberg, Eric
Shukla, Maulik
Walenz, Brian P.
Hill, Catherine A.
Nene, Vishvanath M.
Azad, Abdu F.
Sobral, Bruno W.
Caler, Elisabet
author_browse Azad, Abdu F.
Caler, Elisabet
Driscoll, Timothy
Gillespie, Joseph J.
Hill, Catherine A.
Hostetler, Jessica B.
Joardar, Vinita S.
Nene, Vishvanath M.
Nordberg, Eric
Shukla, Maulik
Sobral, Bruno W.
Walenz, Brian P.
Williams, Kelly P.
author_facet Gillespie, Joseph J.
Joardar, Vinita S.
Williams, Kelly P.
Driscoll, Timothy
Hostetler, Jessica B.
Nordberg, Eric
Shukla, Maulik
Walenz, Brian P.
Hill, Catherine A.
Nene, Vishvanath M.
Azad, Abdu F.
Sobral, Bruno W.
Caler, Elisabet
author_sort Gillespie, Joseph J.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description We present the draft genome for the Rickettsia endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis (REIS), a symbiont of the deer tick vector of Lyme disease in North America. Among Rickettsia species ( Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales ), REIS has the largest genome sequenced to date (>2 Mb) and contains 2,309 genes across the chromosome and four plasmids (pREIS1 to pREIS4). The most remarkable finding within the REIS genome is the extraordinary proliferation of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which contributes to a limited synteny with other Rickettsia genomes. In particular, an integrative conjugative element named RAGE (for Rickettsiales amplified genetic element), previously identified in scrub typhus rickettsiae ( Orientia tsutsugamushi ) genomes, is present on both the REIS chromosome and plasmids. Unlike the pseudogene-laden RAGEs of O. tsutsugamushi , REIS encodes nine conserved RAGEs that include F-like type IV secretion systems similar to that of the tra genes encoded in the Rickettsia bellii and R. massiliae genomes. An unparalleled abundance of encoded transposases (>650) relative to genome size, together with the RAGEs and other MGEs, comprise ∼35% of the total genome, making REIS one of the most plastic and repetitive bacterial genomes sequenced to date. We present evidence that conserved rickettsial genes associated with an intracellular lifestyle were acquired via MGEs, especially the RAGE, through a continuum of genomic invasions. Robust phylogeny estimation suggests REIS is ancestral to the virulent spotted fever group of rickettsiae. As REIS is not known to invade vertebrate cells and has no known pathogenic effects on I. scapularis , its genome sequence provides insight on the origin of mechanisms of rickettsial pathogenicity.
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language Inglés
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spelling CGSpace1293402025-08-21T15:39:31Z A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle Gillespie, Joseph J. Joardar, Vinita S. Williams, Kelly P. Driscoll, Timothy Hostetler, Jessica B. Nordberg, Eric Shukla, Maulik Walenz, Brian P. Hill, Catherine A. Nene, Vishvanath M. Azad, Abdu F. Sobral, Bruno W. Caler, Elisabet genes elements rickettsia molecular biology microbiology We present the draft genome for the Rickettsia endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis (REIS), a symbiont of the deer tick vector of Lyme disease in North America. Among Rickettsia species ( Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales ), REIS has the largest genome sequenced to date (>2 Mb) and contains 2,309 genes across the chromosome and four plasmids (pREIS1 to pREIS4). The most remarkable finding within the REIS genome is the extraordinary proliferation of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which contributes to a limited synteny with other Rickettsia genomes. In particular, an integrative conjugative element named RAGE (for Rickettsiales amplified genetic element), previously identified in scrub typhus rickettsiae ( Orientia tsutsugamushi ) genomes, is present on both the REIS chromosome and plasmids. Unlike the pseudogene-laden RAGEs of O. tsutsugamushi , REIS encodes nine conserved RAGEs that include F-like type IV secretion systems similar to that of the tra genes encoded in the Rickettsia bellii and R. massiliae genomes. An unparalleled abundance of encoded transposases (>650) relative to genome size, together with the RAGEs and other MGEs, comprise ∼35% of the total genome, making REIS one of the most plastic and repetitive bacterial genomes sequenced to date. We present evidence that conserved rickettsial genes associated with an intracellular lifestyle were acquired via MGEs, especially the RAGE, through a continuum of genomic invasions. Robust phylogeny estimation suggests REIS is ancestral to the virulent spotted fever group of rickettsiae. As REIS is not known to invade vertebrate cells and has no known pathogenic effects on I. scapularis , its genome sequence provides insight on the origin of mechanisms of rickettsial pathogenicity. 2012-01-15 2023-03-10T14:33:28Z 2023-03-10T14:33:28Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129340 en Open Access American Society for Microbiology Gillespie, Joseph J.; Joardar, Vinita S.; Williams, Kelly P.; Driscoll, Timothy; Hostetler, Jessica B.; Nordberg, Eric; Shukla, Maulik; Walenz, Brian P.; Hill, Catherine A.; Nene, Vishvanath M.; Azad, Abdu F.; Sobral, Bruno W.; Caler, Elisabet. 2012. A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle. Journal of Bacteriology 194: 376-394
spellingShingle genes
elements
rickettsia
molecular biology
microbiology
Gillespie, Joseph J.
Joardar, Vinita S.
Williams, Kelly P.
Driscoll, Timothy
Hostetler, Jessica B.
Nordberg, Eric
Shukla, Maulik
Walenz, Brian P.
Hill, Catherine A.
Nene, Vishvanath M.
Azad, Abdu F.
Sobral, Bruno W.
Caler, Elisabet
A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
title A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
title_full A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
title_fullStr A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
title_full_unstemmed A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
title_short A Rickettsia Genome Overrun by Mobile Genetic Elements Provides Insight into the Acquisition of Genes Characteristic of an Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
title_sort rickettsia genome overrun by mobile genetic elements provides insight into the acquisition of genes characteristic of an obligate intracellular lifestyle
topic genes
elements
rickettsia
molecular biology
microbiology
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/129340
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