Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?

Border Carbon Adjustment (BCAs) may play an important role in lowering the economic costs of greenhouse gas mitigation and in overcoming political-economy constraints on use of carbon taxes or equivalent measures. A carbon tax plus a full BCA (CTBA) could deal with the competitiveness challenges ari...

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Main Author: Martin, Will
Format: Artículo preliminar
Language:Inglés
Published: European University Institute 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/128707
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author Martin, Will
author_browse Martin, Will
author_facet Martin, Will
author_sort Martin, Will
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Border Carbon Adjustment (BCAs) may play an important role in lowering the economic costs of greenhouse gas mitigation and in overcoming political-economy constraints on use of carbon taxes or equivalent measures. A carbon tax plus a full BCA (CTBA) could deal with the competitiveness challenges arising from carbon taxes by using the WTO’s National Treatment principle to apply equal levies on domestic production and on imports, and by symmetrically rebating the carbon tax on exports in the manner of a VAT export rebate. This approach would shift the base for carbon taxation from output to consumption and intermediate input use and potentially lower the cost of achieving reductions in emissions. It would avoid the massive measurement and compliance problems associated with BCAs based on foreign emission intensities. By contrast, proposals for import-only BCAs would distort prices of importables relative to exportables, create competitiveness concerns in export industries, generate economic waste and likely create highly divisive trade conflicts and deterioration in the terms of trade for developing countries.
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spelling CGSpace1287072025-02-24T06:47:05Z Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed? Martin, Will carbon energy consumption energy generation taxes greenhouse gases global warming climate change wto value added tax carbon emissions tariffs Border Carbon Adjustment (BCAs) may play an important role in lowering the economic costs of greenhouse gas mitigation and in overcoming political-economy constraints on use of carbon taxes or equivalent measures. A carbon tax plus a full BCA (CTBA) could deal with the competitiveness challenges arising from carbon taxes by using the WTO’s National Treatment principle to apply equal levies on domestic production and on imports, and by symmetrically rebating the carbon tax on exports in the manner of a VAT export rebate. This approach would shift the base for carbon taxation from output to consumption and intermediate input use and potentially lower the cost of achieving reductions in emissions. It would avoid the massive measurement and compliance problems associated with BCAs based on foreign emission intensities. By contrast, proposals for import-only BCAs would distort prices of importables relative to exportables, create competitiveness concerns in export industries, generate economic waste and likely create highly divisive trade conflicts and deterioration in the terms of trade for developing countries. 2022-12-31 2023-02-14T17:14:24Z 2023-02-14T17:14:24Z Working Paper https://hdl.handle.net/10568/128707 en https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000113 Open Access European University Institute Martin, Will. 2022. Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed? RSC Working Paper 2022/02. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74039
spellingShingle carbon
energy consumption
energy generation
taxes
greenhouse gases
global warming
climate change
wto
value added tax
carbon emissions
tariffs
Martin, Will
Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?
title Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?
title_full Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?
title_fullStr Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?
title_full_unstemmed Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?
title_short Border carbon adjustments: Should production or consumption be taxed?
title_sort border carbon adjustments should production or consumption be taxed
topic carbon
energy consumption
energy generation
taxes
greenhouse gases
global warming
climate change
wto
value added tax
carbon emissions
tariffs
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/128707
work_keys_str_mv AT martinwill bordercarbonadjustmentsshouldproductionorconsumptionbetaxed