| Summary: | Key messages
The pandemic increased poverty in Africa by less than expected, approximately 1.5-1.7 percentage points in 2020.
Countries affected by Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) experienced the greatest increases in poverty.
An emerging literature establishes that social protection programs in Africa during the pandemic had positive impacts and was generally pro-poor, suggesting a key cushion-ing role played by the expansion of social protection on trends in poverty.
However, delivering shock-responsive social protection in Africa continues to face im-portant challenges related to targeting, coverage, timeliness, and financing.
Early targeting analyses for some countries during the pandemic show that targeting was broadly progressive in some countries and regressive in some other countries.
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