Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa

Background: Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is a significant constraint for maize producers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The disease decimates the maize crop, in some cases, causing total crop failure with far-reaching impacts on regional food security. Results: In this review, we analyze the im...

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Main Authors: Biswal, Akshaya Kumar, Alakonya, Amos, Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, Hearne, Sarah Jane, Sonder, Kai, Molnar, Terence Luke, Jones, Alan M., Pixley, Kevin Vail, Boddupalli, P.M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Springer 2022
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/126546
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author Biswal, Akshaya Kumar
Alakonya, Amos
Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul
Hearne, Sarah Jane
Sonder, Kai
Molnar, Terence Luke
Jones, Alan M.
Pixley, Kevin Vail
Boddupalli, P.M.
author_browse Alakonya, Amos
Biswal, Akshaya Kumar
Boddupalli, P.M.
Hearne, Sarah Jane
Jones, Alan M.
Molnar, Terence Luke
Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul
Pixley, Kevin Vail
Sonder, Kai
author_facet Biswal, Akshaya Kumar
Alakonya, Amos
Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul
Hearne, Sarah Jane
Sonder, Kai
Molnar, Terence Luke
Jones, Alan M.
Pixley, Kevin Vail
Boddupalli, P.M.
author_sort Biswal, Akshaya Kumar
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Background: Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is a significant constraint for maize producers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The disease decimates the maize crop, in some cases, causing total crop failure with far-reaching impacts on regional food security. Results: In this review, we analyze the impacts of MLN in Africa, finding that resource-poor farmers and consumers are the most vulnerable populations. We examine the molecular mechanism of MLN virus transmission, role of vectors and host plant resistance identifying a range of potential opportunities for genetic and phytosanitary interventions to control MLN. We discuss the likely exacerbating effects of climate change on the MLN menace and describe a sobering example of negative genetic association between tolerance to heat/drought and susceptibility to viral infection. We also review role of microRNAs in host plant response to MLN causing viruses as well as heat/drought stress that can be carefully engineered to develop resistant varieties using novel molecular techniques. Conclusions: With the dual drivers of increased crop loss due to MLN and increased demand of maize for food, the development and deployment of simple and safe technologies, like resistant cultivars developed through accelerated breeding or emerging gene editing technologies, will have substantial positive impact on livelihoods in the region. We have summarized the available genetic resources and identified a few large-effect QTLs that can be further exploited to accelerate conversion of existing farmer-preferred varieties into resistant cultivars.
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spelling CGSpace1265462025-11-06T13:03:14Z Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa Biswal, Akshaya Kumar Alakonya, Amos Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul Hearne, Sarah Jane Sonder, Kai Molnar, Terence Luke Jones, Alan M. Pixley, Kevin Vail Boddupalli, P.M. drought stress gene editing maize necrosis potyvirus quantitative trait loci Background: Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is a significant constraint for maize producers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The disease decimates the maize crop, in some cases, causing total crop failure with far-reaching impacts on regional food security. Results: In this review, we analyze the impacts of MLN in Africa, finding that resource-poor farmers and consumers are the most vulnerable populations. We examine the molecular mechanism of MLN virus transmission, role of vectors and host plant resistance identifying a range of potential opportunities for genetic and phytosanitary interventions to control MLN. We discuss the likely exacerbating effects of climate change on the MLN menace and describe a sobering example of negative genetic association between tolerance to heat/drought and susceptibility to viral infection. We also review role of microRNAs in host plant response to MLN causing viruses as well as heat/drought stress that can be carefully engineered to develop resistant varieties using novel molecular techniques. Conclusions: With the dual drivers of increased crop loss due to MLN and increased demand of maize for food, the development and deployment of simple and safe technologies, like resistant cultivars developed through accelerated breeding or emerging gene editing technologies, will have substantial positive impact on livelihoods in the region. We have summarized the available genetic resources and identified a few large-effect QTLs that can be further exploited to accelerate conversion of existing farmer-preferred varieties into resistant cultivars. 2022-11-23 2023-01-04T12:01:44Z 2023-01-04T12:01:44Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/126546 en Open Access application/pdf Springer Biswal, A. K., Alakonya, A. E., Mottaleb, K. A., Hearne, S. J., Sonder, K., Molnar, T. L., Jones, A. M., Pixley, K. V., & Prasanna, B. M. (2022). Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Plant Biology, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03932-y
spellingShingle drought stress
gene editing
maize
necrosis
potyvirus
quantitative trait loci
Biswal, Akshaya Kumar
Alakonya, Amos
Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul
Hearne, Sarah Jane
Sonder, Kai
Molnar, Terence Luke
Jones, Alan M.
Pixley, Kevin Vail
Boddupalli, P.M.
Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
title Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
title_full Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
title_fullStr Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
title_full_unstemmed Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
title_short Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa
title_sort maize lethal necrosis disease review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms socio economic impacts and mitigation strategies in sub saharan africa
topic drought stress
gene editing
maize
necrosis
potyvirus
quantitative trait loci
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/126546
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