Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook

Water scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa is intensifying due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change, with average per capita water availability far below global thresholds. Although municipal wastewater offers a growing and renewable source, over half of the 21.5 bill...

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Autores principales: Mateo-Sagasta, Javier, Al-Hamdi, M., AbuZeid, K.
Formato: Libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: International Water Management Institute 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/125439
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author Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
Al-Hamdi, M.
AbuZeid, K.
author_browse AbuZeid, K.
Al-Hamdi, M.
Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
author_facet Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
Al-Hamdi, M.
AbuZeid, K.
author_sort Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Water scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa is intensifying due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change, with average per capita water availability far below global thresholds. Although municipal wastewater offers a growing and renewable source, over half of the 21.5 billion m³ produced annually is lost through discharge or evaporation, while only around 10% is directly reused. Efforts to recover this resource have led to over 400 reuse projects across agriculture, landscaping, and industry, particularly in countries with advanced infrastructure. Treated wastewater supports irrigation and nutrient recovery, with potential for energy generation through methane capture. However, major barriers persist: weak regulatory enforcement, limited cost recovery, and low public acceptance, especially where informal or unsafe reuse occurs. Salinity, pathogens, and emerging pollutants remain challenges for agricultural application, especially without robust treatment or risk mitigation. Improving safety and scale requires better regulation, decentralized systems, inclusive planning, and financial incentives. Integrated reuse strategies linking water, food, and energy systems offer a path to increased resilience, environmental protection, and progress toward sustainability goals.
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spelling CGSpace1254392025-12-10T05:29:31Z Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook Mateo-Sagasta, Javier Al-Hamdi, M. AbuZeid, K. water reuse water resources water availability water scarcity wastewater management wastewater treatment plants resource recovery cost recovery municipal wastewater water quality standards regulations guidelines planning risk management water policies water governance water supply irrigation water groundwater aquifers wadi farmers gender mainstreaming gender equality women institutional development governmental organizations multi-stakeholder processes funding business models population growth urbanization migration health case studies Water scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa is intensifying due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change, with average per capita water availability far below global thresholds. Although municipal wastewater offers a growing and renewable source, over half of the 21.5 billion m³ produced annually is lost through discharge or evaporation, while only around 10% is directly reused. Efforts to recover this resource have led to over 400 reuse projects across agriculture, landscaping, and industry, particularly in countries with advanced infrastructure. Treated wastewater supports irrigation and nutrient recovery, with potential for energy generation through methane capture. However, major barriers persist: weak regulatory enforcement, limited cost recovery, and low public acceptance, especially where informal or unsafe reuse occurs. Salinity, pathogens, and emerging pollutants remain challenges for agricultural application, especially without robust treatment or risk mitigation. Improving safety and scale requires better regulation, decentralized systems, inclusive planning, and financial incentives. Integrated reuse strategies linking water, food, and energy systems offer a path to increased resilience, environmental protection, and progress toward sustainability goals. 2022-11-14 2022-11-14T09:26:59Z 2022-11-14T09:26:59Z Book https://hdl.handle.net/10568/125439 en Open Access application/pdf application/pdf International Water Management Institute Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Al-Hamdi, M.; AbuZeid, K. (Eds.). 2022. Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 292p. (Also in Arabic) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.225]
spellingShingle water reuse
water resources
water availability
water scarcity
wastewater management
wastewater treatment plants
resource recovery
cost recovery
municipal wastewater
water quality standards
regulations
guidelines
planning
risk management
water policies
water governance
water supply
irrigation water
groundwater
aquifers
wadi
farmers
gender mainstreaming
gender equality
women
institutional development
governmental organizations
multi-stakeholder processes
funding
business models
population growth
urbanization
migration
health
case studies
Mateo-Sagasta, Javier
Al-Hamdi, M.
AbuZeid, K.
Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook
title Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook
title_full Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook
title_fullStr Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook
title_full_unstemmed Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook
title_short Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook
title_sort water reuse in the middle east and north africa a sourcebook
topic water reuse
water resources
water availability
water scarcity
wastewater management
wastewater treatment plants
resource recovery
cost recovery
municipal wastewater
water quality standards
regulations
guidelines
planning
risk management
water policies
water governance
water supply
irrigation water
groundwater
aquifers
wadi
farmers
gender mainstreaming
gender equality
women
institutional development
governmental organizations
multi-stakeholder processes
funding
business models
population growth
urbanization
migration
health
case studies
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/125439
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