Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin

In spite of being water surplus, the 600+ million population of the large Ganges basin spread over 1.09 m km2 in South Asia is water insecure, poor, and highly exposed to water-induced stresses of floods and droughts. The contribution from the glaciers to the streamflow is ~70% in the Himalayan catc...

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Main Authors: Sharma, Bharat, Pavelic, Paul, Amarasinghe, Upali
Format: Book Chapter
Language:Inglés
Published: Springer 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/114497
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author Sharma, Bharat
Pavelic, Paul
Amarasinghe, Upali
author_browse Amarasinghe, Upali
Pavelic, Paul
Sharma, Bharat
author_facet Sharma, Bharat
Pavelic, Paul
Amarasinghe, Upali
author_sort Sharma, Bharat
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description In spite of being water surplus, the 600+ million population of the large Ganges basin spread over 1.09 m km2 in South Asia is water insecure, poor, and highly exposed to water-induced stresses of floods and droughts. The contribution from the glaciers to the streamflow is ~70% in the Himalayan catchments though spatially distributed quantification is unavailable. An application of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model with a sub-routine for snow and glaciers melt processes in the basin was set up. The model also examined the possible impacts of an increase in temperature of +1, +2 or +3°C over 20 yrs of the simulation period. The impact on stream flows was high in the upstream (+8 to +26% at Tehri Dam) and moderate in downstream (+1 to +4% at Farakka). These increases shall create flood events more frequently or of higher magnitude in the mountains and Upper Ganga flood plains. To moderate the climate-change induced impacts of floods and improve water security during the non-monsoon season the novel concepts of Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI) and Cranking up the Ganges Water Machine for Ecosystem Services (GAMES) were developed, and pilot tested in the Ramganga sub-basin. Analysis showed that there is an assured possibility of reducing the floods and enhancing sub-surface storage in the identified basins to the level of 45 Bm3. The demonstrated managed aquifer recharge interventions are technically feasible, operationally acceptable and economically viable.
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spelling CGSpace1144972025-05-20T05:33:14Z Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin Sharma, Bharat Pavelic, Paul Amarasinghe, Upali water security climate change flood irrigation water resources temperature glaciers models In spite of being water surplus, the 600+ million population of the large Ganges basin spread over 1.09 m km2 in South Asia is water insecure, poor, and highly exposed to water-induced stresses of floods and droughts. The contribution from the glaciers to the streamflow is ~70% in the Himalayan catchments though spatially distributed quantification is unavailable. An application of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model with a sub-routine for snow and glaciers melt processes in the basin was set up. The model also examined the possible impacts of an increase in temperature of +1, +2 or +3°C over 20 yrs of the simulation period. The impact on stream flows was high in the upstream (+8 to +26% at Tehri Dam) and moderate in downstream (+1 to +4% at Farakka). These increases shall create flood events more frequently or of higher magnitude in the mountains and Upper Ganga flood plains. To moderate the climate-change induced impacts of floods and improve water security during the non-monsoon season the novel concepts of Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI) and Cranking up the Ganges Water Machine for Ecosystem Services (GAMES) were developed, and pilot tested in the Ramganga sub-basin. Analysis showed that there is an assured possibility of reducing the floods and enhancing sub-surface storage in the identified basins to the level of 45 Bm3. The demonstrated managed aquifer recharge interventions are technically feasible, operationally acceptable and economically viable. 2021-05-22 2021-07-31T19:07:41Z 2021-07-31T19:07:41Z Book Chapter https://hdl.handle.net/10568/114497 en Limited Access Springer Sharma, Bharat; Pavelic, Paul; Amarasinghe, Upali. 2021. Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin. In Babel, M.; Haarstrick, A.; Ribbe, L.; Shinde, V. R.; Dichtl, N. (Eds.). Water security in Asia: opportunities and challenges in the context of climate change. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.481-492. (Springer Water) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54612-4_35]
spellingShingle water security
climate change
flood irrigation
water resources
temperature
glaciers
models
Sharma, Bharat
Pavelic, Paul
Amarasinghe, Upali
Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin
title Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin
title_full Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin
title_fullStr Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin
title_full_unstemmed Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin
title_short Improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the Ganges Basin
title_sort improving water security to mediate impacts of climate change in the ganges basin
topic water security
climate change
flood irrigation
water resources
temperature
glaciers
models
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/114497
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