Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India

India’s agricultural economy has undergone profound transformation in the past 50 years with the rapid spread of groundwater irrigation. The tube well revolution has democratized irrigation, made famines history, helped alleviate agrarian poverty and made India food secure. However, the spread of pr...

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Main Authors: Shah, T., Rajan, Abhishek, Rai, Gyan P.
Format: Book Chapter
Language:Inglés
Published: Elsevier 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111569
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author Shah, T.
Rajan, Abhishek
Rai, Gyan P.
author_browse Rai, Gyan P.
Rajan, Abhishek
Shah, T.
author_facet Shah, T.
Rajan, Abhishek
Rai, Gyan P.
author_sort Shah, T.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description India’s agricultural economy has undergone profound transformation in the past 50 years with the rapid spread of groundwater irrigation. The tube well revolution has democratized irrigation, made famines history, helped alleviate agrarian poverty and made India food secure. However, the spread of private tube wells has cannibalized canals and tanks. The large-scale withdrawal of groundwater has caused acute groundwater stress in several parts of the country, leading to adverse environmental and sustainability challenges. Unlike the United States, Australia, and Spain, where tube wells are instruments of wealth creation in industrial agriculture, in India groundwater governance pits livelihoods of the poor against environmental protection. This study explores this unique challenge. It discusses several efforts undertaken to effectively manage groundwater such as direct regulation, indirect levers like energy pricing and rationing, and community-based groundwater governance. It emphasizes on the arrival of solar irrigation and its potential to reform the perverse energy-groundwater nexus. The paper stresses on the need to move away from resource development to resource management mode to solve the groundwater challenge.
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spelling CGSpace1115692025-06-03T13:01:43Z Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India Shah, T. Rajan, Abhishek Rai, Gyan P. groundwater irrigation livelihoods environmental factors political aspects socioeconomic aspects solar energy groundwater management nexus water governance pricing community management sustainability resource management regulations India’s agricultural economy has undergone profound transformation in the past 50 years with the rapid spread of groundwater irrigation. The tube well revolution has democratized irrigation, made famines history, helped alleviate agrarian poverty and made India food secure. However, the spread of private tube wells has cannibalized canals and tanks. The large-scale withdrawal of groundwater has caused acute groundwater stress in several parts of the country, leading to adverse environmental and sustainability challenges. Unlike the United States, Australia, and Spain, where tube wells are instruments of wealth creation in industrial agriculture, in India groundwater governance pits livelihoods of the poor against environmental protection. This study explores this unique challenge. It discusses several efforts undertaken to effectively manage groundwater such as direct regulation, indirect levers like energy pricing and rationing, and community-based groundwater governance. It emphasizes on the arrival of solar irrigation and its potential to reform the perverse energy-groundwater nexus. The paper stresses on the need to move away from resource development to resource management mode to solve the groundwater challenge. 2021 2021-02-28T06:48:13Z 2021-02-28T06:48:13Z Book Chapter https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111569 en Limited Access Elsevier Shah, T.; Rajan, Abhishek; Rai, Gyan P. 2021. Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India. In Mukherjee, A.; Scanlon, B. R.; Aureli, A.; Langan, Simon; Guo, H.; McKenzie, A. A. (Eds.). Global groundwater: source, scarcity, sustainability, security, and solutions. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. pp.487-499. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818172-0.00036-0]
spellingShingle groundwater irrigation
livelihoods
environmental factors
political aspects
socioeconomic aspects
solar energy
groundwater management
nexus
water governance
pricing
community management
sustainability
resource management
regulations
Shah, T.
Rajan, Abhishek
Rai, Gyan P.
Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
title Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
title_full Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
title_fullStr Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
title_full_unstemmed Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
title_short Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
title_sort balancing livelihoods and environment political economy of groundwater irrigation in india
topic groundwater irrigation
livelihoods
environmental factors
political aspects
socioeconomic aspects
solar energy
groundwater management
nexus
water governance
pricing
community management
sustainability
resource management
regulations
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111569
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AT rajanabhishek balancinglivelihoodsandenvironmentpoliticaleconomyofgroundwaterirrigationinindia
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