Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants

Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the beneficial roles of microbes in ameliorating salt str...

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Main Author: Kaushal, M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:Inglés
Published: Frontiers Media 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111200
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author Kaushal, M.
author_browse Kaushal, M.
author_facet Kaushal, M.
author_sort Kaushal, M.
collection Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace)
description Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the beneficial roles of microbes in ameliorating salt stress in plants. This review emphasizes salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (STEM) in microbially inoculated (MI) plants that ensure plant growth and survival. Well-established STEM have been documented in MI plants and include conglomeration of osmolytes, antioxidant barricading, recuperating nutritional status, and ionic homeostasis. This is achieved via involvement of P solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, selective ion absorption, volatile organic compound production, exopolysaccharide production, modifications to plant physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance), and molecular alterations to alter various biochemical and physiological processes. Salt tolerance and endurance mechanism in MI plants ensures plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and maintaining ionic homeostasis, promoting superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, preserving cell ultrastructure, and reinforcing antioxidant metabolism. Molecular research in MI plants under salt stress conditions has found variations in the expression profiles of genes such as HKT1, NHX, and SOS1 (ion transporters), PIPs and TIPs (aquaporins), RBCS, RBCL (RuBisCo subunits), Lipoxygenase2 [jasmonic acid (JA) signaling], ABA (abscisic acid)-responsive gene, and APX, CAT, and POD (involved in antioxidant defense). Proteomic analysis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated plants revealed upregulated expression of signal transduction proteins, including Ca2+ transporter ATPase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin, and energy-related proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, iron-sulfur protein NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and ATP synthase). Future research should focus on the role of stress hormones, such as JA, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids, in salt-stressed MI plants and how MI affects the cell wall, secondary metabolism, and signal transduction in host plants.
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spelling CGSpace1112002025-11-11T10:40:45Z Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants Kaushal, M. osmotic stress microorganisms food security photosynthesis salt tolerance Salt stress threatens the achievement of sustainable global food security goals by inducing secondary stresses, such as osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stress, that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. Various studies have reported the beneficial roles of microbes in ameliorating salt stress in plants. This review emphasizes salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (STEM) in microbially inoculated (MI) plants that ensure plant growth and survival. Well-established STEM have been documented in MI plants and include conglomeration of osmolytes, antioxidant barricading, recuperating nutritional status, and ionic homeostasis. This is achieved via involvement of P solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, selective ion absorption, volatile organic compound production, exopolysaccharide production, modifications to plant physiological processes (photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance), and molecular alterations to alter various biochemical and physiological processes. Salt tolerance and endurance mechanism in MI plants ensures plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and maintaining ionic homeostasis, promoting superior water use efficiency and osmoprotection, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, preserving cell ultrastructure, and reinforcing antioxidant metabolism. Molecular research in MI plants under salt stress conditions has found variations in the expression profiles of genes such as HKT1, NHX, and SOS1 (ion transporters), PIPs and TIPs (aquaporins), RBCS, RBCL (RuBisCo subunits), Lipoxygenase2 [jasmonic acid (JA) signaling], ABA (abscisic acid)-responsive gene, and APX, CAT, and POD (involved in antioxidant defense). Proteomic analysis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated plants revealed upregulated expression of signal transduction proteins, including Ca2+ transporter ATPase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin, and energy-related proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, iron-sulfur protein NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and ATP synthase). Future research should focus on the role of stress hormones, such as JA, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids, in salt-stressed MI plants and how MI affects the cell wall, secondary metabolism, and signal transduction in host plants. 2020 2021-02-08T13:28:32Z 2021-02-08T13:28:32Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111200 en Open Access application/pdf Frontiers Media Kaushal, M. (2020). Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1-15.
spellingShingle osmotic stress
microorganisms
food security
photosynthesis
salt tolerance
Kaushal, M.
Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants
title Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants
title_full Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants
title_fullStr Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants
title_full_unstemmed Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants
title_short Insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms (stem) in plants
title_sort insights into microbially induced salt tolerance and endurance mechanisms stem in plants
topic osmotic stress
microorganisms
food security
photosynthesis
salt tolerance
url https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111200
work_keys_str_mv AT kaushalm insightsintomicrobiallyinducedsalttoleranceandendurancemechanismssteminplants