Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania
Naturally isolated montane forests in East Africa are hotspots of biodiversity, often characterised by high species endemism, and are fundamental contributors to water services. However, they are located in areas highly suitable for agriculture, making them a prime target for agricultural activities...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Elsevier
2020
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111054 |
| _version_ | 1855528643474751488 |
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| author | Hamunyela, Eliakim Brandt, Patric Shirima, Deo Do, Ha Thi Thanh Herold, Martin Román Cuesta, Rosa María |
| author_browse | Brandt, Patric Do, Ha Thi Thanh Hamunyela, Eliakim Herold, Martin Román Cuesta, Rosa María Shirima, Deo |
| author_facet | Hamunyela, Eliakim Brandt, Patric Shirima, Deo Do, Ha Thi Thanh Herold, Martin Román Cuesta, Rosa María |
| author_sort | Hamunyela, Eliakim |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | Naturally isolated montane forests in East Africa are hotspots of biodiversity, often characterised by high species endemism, and are fundamental contributors to water services. However, they are located in areas highly suitable for agriculture, making them a prime target for agricultural activities. The Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) in Eastern Tanzania are within the target regions for agricultural development under the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). However, forest monitoring initiatives that track long-term forest dynamics and the ecological impact of current agricultural development policies on forests, are lacking. Here, we use the STEF (Space-Time Extremes and Features) algorithm and Landsat time series to track forest disturbances (deforestation and degradation) and forest gains (regeneration) as spatio-temporal events over seventeen years (2001–2017) in the montane forests of the Mvomero District in Tanzania. We found that 27 % (∼ 20 487 ha) of montane forests were disturbed between 2001 and 2017, mainly led by deforestation (70 %). Small-scale crop farms with maize, banana, and cassava crops, were the most planted on deforested areas. Most disturbances occurred at lower elevation (lowland montane), but there was an increasing shift to higher elevations in recent years (2011–2017). Forest disturbances exclusively occurred at small spatial scales, a pattern similar to other forest montane landscapes in Africa, which lowers detection capabilities in global forest loss products. Our locally calibrated and validated deforestation map (Producer's accuracy = 80 %; User’s accuracy = 78 %) shows a gross underestimation of forest cover loss (>10 000 ha) by global forest loss products in these mountainous forest landscapes. Overall, we found few areas undergoing forest regeneration, with only 9 % of the disturbed forest regenerating over 17 years. Long-term conversion to cropland prevented regeneration in the lowlands, with regeneration mainly happening at higher elevations. However, the shift of deforestation and forest degradation to higher elevations may challenge high elevation regeneration trends, leaving the remaining blocks of montane forest in the Mvomero District at a risk of degradation and disappearance. Without effective forest conservation measures, market-driven agricultural development is likely to trigger an expansion of cropland at the expense of forests to meet the increased demand for the agricultural products promoted, with negative impact on biodiversity, carbon sequestration and water services. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace111054 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1110542025-02-19T13:42:29Z Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania Hamunyela, Eliakim Brandt, Patric Shirima, Deo Do, Ha Thi Thanh Herold, Martin Román Cuesta, Rosa María climate change agriculture food security deforestation regeneration degradation forests Naturally isolated montane forests in East Africa are hotspots of biodiversity, often characterised by high species endemism, and are fundamental contributors to water services. However, they are located in areas highly suitable for agriculture, making them a prime target for agricultural activities. The Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) in Eastern Tanzania are within the target regions for agricultural development under the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). However, forest monitoring initiatives that track long-term forest dynamics and the ecological impact of current agricultural development policies on forests, are lacking. Here, we use the STEF (Space-Time Extremes and Features) algorithm and Landsat time series to track forest disturbances (deforestation and degradation) and forest gains (regeneration) as spatio-temporal events over seventeen years (2001–2017) in the montane forests of the Mvomero District in Tanzania. We found that 27 % (∼ 20 487 ha) of montane forests were disturbed between 2001 and 2017, mainly led by deforestation (70 %). Small-scale crop farms with maize, banana, and cassava crops, were the most planted on deforested areas. Most disturbances occurred at lower elevation (lowland montane), but there was an increasing shift to higher elevations in recent years (2011–2017). Forest disturbances exclusively occurred at small spatial scales, a pattern similar to other forest montane landscapes in Africa, which lowers detection capabilities in global forest loss products. Our locally calibrated and validated deforestation map (Producer's accuracy = 80 %; User’s accuracy = 78 %) shows a gross underestimation of forest cover loss (>10 000 ha) by global forest loss products in these mountainous forest landscapes. Overall, we found few areas undergoing forest regeneration, with only 9 % of the disturbed forest regenerating over 17 years. Long-term conversion to cropland prevented regeneration in the lowlands, with regeneration mainly happening at higher elevations. However, the shift of deforestation and forest degradation to higher elevations may challenge high elevation regeneration trends, leaving the remaining blocks of montane forest in the Mvomero District at a risk of degradation and disappearance. Without effective forest conservation measures, market-driven agricultural development is likely to trigger an expansion of cropland at the expense of forests to meet the increased demand for the agricultural products promoted, with negative impact on biodiversity, carbon sequestration and water services. 2020-06 2021-01-29T16:59:58Z 2021-01-29T16:59:58Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111054 en Open Access Elsevier Hamunyela, E., Brandt, P., Shirima, D., Do, H. T. T., Herold, M., & Roman-Cuesta, R. M. (2020). Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania. In International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation (Vol. 88, p. 102063). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102063 |
| spellingShingle | climate change agriculture food security deforestation regeneration degradation forests Hamunyela, Eliakim Brandt, Patric Shirima, Deo Do, Ha Thi Thanh Herold, Martin Román Cuesta, Rosa María Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania |
| title | Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania |
| title_full | Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania |
| title_short | Space-time detection of deforestation, forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of Eastern Tanzania |
| title_sort | space time detection of deforestation forest degradation and regeneration in montane forests of eastern tanzania |
| topic | climate change agriculture food security deforestation regeneration degradation forests |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/111054 |
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