Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya
The association of antimicrobial usage (AMU) with prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock raw milk consumed by pastoralists in Kenya remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between AMU and emergence of...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Mary Ann Liebert Inc
2021
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| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110223 |
| _version_ | 1855513596652421120 |
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| author | Omwenga, I. Aboge, G.O. Mitema, E.S. Obiero, G. Ngaywa, C. Ngwili, Nicholas Wamwere-Njoroge, George J. Wainaina, M. Bett, Bernard K. |
| author_browse | Aboge, G.O. Bett, Bernard K. Mitema, E.S. Ngaywa, C. Ngwili, Nicholas Obiero, G. Omwenga, I. Wainaina, M. Wamwere-Njoroge, George J. |
| author_facet | Omwenga, I. Aboge, G.O. Mitema, E.S. Obiero, G. Ngaywa, C. Ngwili, Nicholas Wamwere-Njoroge, George J. Wainaina, M. Bett, Bernard K. |
| author_sort | Omwenga, I. |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | The association of antimicrobial usage (AMU) with prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock raw milk consumed by pastoralists in Kenya remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between AMU and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus, including MRSA in raw milk of livestock. AMU data were obtained using sales records from veterinary pharmacies. S. aureus was isolated from 603 milk samples from various livestock species, including sheep, goat, cow, and camel reared in Isiolo and Marsabit counties in Kenya. Resistant phenotypes and genotypes were determined by disc diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Correlation between AMU and occurrence of resistance was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) method. The consumption of various antimicrobial classes were as follows; 4,168 kg of oxytetracycline, 70 kg of sulfonamides, 49.7 kg of aminoglycosides, 46 kg of beta-lactams, 39.4 kg of macrolides, and 0.52 kg for trimethoprim. The S. aureus isolates were mainly resistant to tetracycline (79%), ampicillin (58%), and oxacillin (33%), respectively. A few isolates (5–18%) were resistant to clindamycin, cephalexin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin. Most of the MDR-S. aureus isolates were MRSA (94%). The genetic determinants found in the AMR isolates included tetK/tetM (96.5%/19%) for tetracycline, blaZ (79%) for penicillin, aac (6′)/aph (2′′)/aph (3′)-IIIa (53%) for aminoglycosides, mecA (41%) for oxacillin, and msrA/ermA (24%/7%) for macrolides. Oxytetracycline usage was correlated to tetK/tetM (r = 0.62/1) detection, penicillins to mecA/blaZ (r = 0.86/0.98), aminoglycoside to aac (6′)/aph (2′′)/aph (3′)-IIIa (r = 0.76/−13), and macrolide usages for detection of ermA/msrA (r = 0.94/0.77). AMU appeared to be associated with occurrence of MDR-SA and the tetM detection. Consumption of raw milk contaminated with MRSA could pose a serious public health risk in pastoral communities in northern Kenya. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace110223 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Mary Ann Liebert Inc |
| publisherStr | Mary Ann Liebert Inc |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1102232025-08-15T13:20:45Z Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya Omwenga, I. Aboge, G.O. Mitema, E.S. Obiero, G. Ngaywa, C. Ngwili, Nicholas Wamwere-Njoroge, George J. Wainaina, M. Bett, Bernard K. antimicrobial resistance dairying animal products pharmacology immunology microbiology The association of antimicrobial usage (AMU) with prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock raw milk consumed by pastoralists in Kenya remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between AMU and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus, including MRSA in raw milk of livestock. AMU data were obtained using sales records from veterinary pharmacies. S. aureus was isolated from 603 milk samples from various livestock species, including sheep, goat, cow, and camel reared in Isiolo and Marsabit counties in Kenya. Resistant phenotypes and genotypes were determined by disc diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Correlation between AMU and occurrence of resistance was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) method. The consumption of various antimicrobial classes were as follows; 4,168 kg of oxytetracycline, 70 kg of sulfonamides, 49.7 kg of aminoglycosides, 46 kg of beta-lactams, 39.4 kg of macrolides, and 0.52 kg for trimethoprim. The S. aureus isolates were mainly resistant to tetracycline (79%), ampicillin (58%), and oxacillin (33%), respectively. A few isolates (5–18%) were resistant to clindamycin, cephalexin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin. Most of the MDR-S. aureus isolates were MRSA (94%). The genetic determinants found in the AMR isolates included tetK/tetM (96.5%/19%) for tetracycline, blaZ (79%) for penicillin, aac (6′)/aph (2′′)/aph (3′)-IIIa (53%) for aminoglycosides, mecA (41%) for oxacillin, and msrA/ermA (24%/7%) for macrolides. Oxytetracycline usage was correlated to tetK/tetM (r = 0.62/1) detection, penicillins to mecA/blaZ (r = 0.86/0.98), aminoglycoside to aac (6′)/aph (2′′)/aph (3′)-IIIa (r = 0.76/−13), and macrolide usages for detection of ermA/msrA (r = 0.94/0.77). AMU appeared to be associated with occurrence of MDR-SA and the tetM detection. Consumption of raw milk contaminated with MRSA could pose a serious public health risk in pastoral communities in northern Kenya. 2021-06-01 2020-11-18T11:45:38Z 2020-11-18T11:45:38Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110223 en Limited Access Mary Ann Liebert Inc Omwenga, I., Aboge, G.O., Mitema, E.S., Obiero, G., Ngaywa, C., Ngwili, N., Wamwere, G., Wainaina, M. and Bett, B. 2021. Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya. Microbial Drug Resistance 27(6): 843–854. |
| spellingShingle | antimicrobial resistance dairying animal products pharmacology immunology microbiology Omwenga, I. Aboge, G.O. Mitema, E.S. Obiero, G. Ngaywa, C. Ngwili, Nicholas Wamwere-Njoroge, George J. Wainaina, M. Bett, Bernard K. Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya |
| title | Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya |
| title_full | Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya |
| title_short | Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya |
| title_sort | antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern kenya |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance dairying animal products pharmacology immunology microbiology |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/110223 |
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