Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance?
While the commercialization and diversification of agricultural and livestock systems have been identified as key global strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation, less is known as to the large-scale gendered impacts that are implicated in these transformations among smallholder crop a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | Inglés |
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Frontiers Media
2019
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/107009 |
| _version_ | 1855535615458672640 |
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| author | Odhong’, Charles Wilkes, Andreas Dijk, Suzanne van Vorlaufer, Miriam Ndonga, Samuel Sing'ora, Brian Kenyanito, Lucy |
| author2 | Wollenberg, Eva K. |
| author_browse | Dijk, Suzanne van Kenyanito, Lucy Ndonga, Samuel Odhong’, Charles Sing'ora, Brian Vorlaufer, Miriam Wilkes, Andreas Wollenberg, Eva K. |
| author_facet | Wollenberg, Eva K. Odhong’, Charles Wilkes, Andreas Dijk, Suzanne van Vorlaufer, Miriam Ndonga, Samuel Sing'ora, Brian Kenyanito, Lucy |
| author_sort | Odhong’, Charles |
| collection | Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (CGSpace) |
| description | While the commercialization and diversification of agricultural and livestock systems have been identified as key global strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation, less is known as to the large-scale gendered impacts that are implicated in these transformations among smallholder crop and livestock farmers. This study explores these gender impacts across different farming systems and gender-respondent-household typologies using data from the Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) in 2,859 households in three East African countries—Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Female control scores over incomes or foodstuffs produced through both on and off farm activities were highest in farming systems that had more land and more livestock. However, increasing commercialization—defined herein as the increasing importance of crop and livestock sales to farm households—resulted in an overall decline in female control across all farming systems and gender-respondent-household typologies. In contrast, crop and livestock diversification were positively associated with female control across gender-respondent-household typologies. Analysis of specific crops and livestock products across farming systems and respondent typologies revealed women have far greater control over decisions related to consumption than decisions related to sales, although the gap between the two were less pronounced in lesser-valued livestock products (chickens, eggs). However, the analyses suggest that as sale of crops and livestock increase, female control over these areas could likely diminish, regardless of specific activity. The authors conclude that approaches to adapt to or mitigate climate change that rely on increasing market orientation of smallholder production will likely intensify men's control over benefits from production, whereas diversification will likely have a more positive impact on female control. Thus, climate adaptation strategies promoting increased diversification will likely have a more positive impact on women smallholders than commercialization alone. The authors recommend that when commercialization is the target intervention, it must be accompanied by a gender differentiated analysis of trade-offs and risks to mitigate the potential negative consequences shown in this study. |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | CGSpace107009 |
| institution | CGIAR Consortium |
| language | Inglés |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media |
| publisherStr | Frontiers Media |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | CGSpace1070092025-12-08T10:29:22Z Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? Odhong’, Charles Wilkes, Andreas Dijk, Suzanne van Vorlaufer, Miriam Ndonga, Samuel Sing'ora, Brian Kenyanito, Lucy Wollenberg, Eva K. climate change agriculture food security While the commercialization and diversification of agricultural and livestock systems have been identified as key global strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation, less is known as to the large-scale gendered impacts that are implicated in these transformations among smallholder crop and livestock farmers. This study explores these gender impacts across different farming systems and gender-respondent-household typologies using data from the Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) in 2,859 households in three East African countries—Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Female control scores over incomes or foodstuffs produced through both on and off farm activities were highest in farming systems that had more land and more livestock. However, increasing commercialization—defined herein as the increasing importance of crop and livestock sales to farm households—resulted in an overall decline in female control across all farming systems and gender-respondent-household typologies. In contrast, crop and livestock diversification were positively associated with female control across gender-respondent-household typologies. Analysis of specific crops and livestock products across farming systems and respondent typologies revealed women have far greater control over decisions related to consumption than decisions related to sales, although the gap between the two were less pronounced in lesser-valued livestock products (chickens, eggs). However, the analyses suggest that as sale of crops and livestock increase, female control over these areas could likely diminish, regardless of specific activity. The authors conclude that approaches to adapt to or mitigate climate change that rely on increasing market orientation of smallholder production will likely intensify men's control over benefits from production, whereas diversification will likely have a more positive impact on female control. Thus, climate adaptation strategies promoting increased diversification will likely have a more positive impact on women smallholders than commercialization alone. The authors recommend that when commercialization is the target intervention, it must be accompanied by a gender differentiated analysis of trade-offs and risks to mitigate the potential negative consequences shown in this study. 2019-02-27 2020-02-07T18:27:57Z 2020-02-07T18:27:57Z Journal Article https://hdl.handle.net/10568/107009 en Open Access Frontiers Media Odhong' C, Wilkes A, van Dijk S, Vorlaufer M, Ndonga S, Sing'ora B, Kenyanito L. 2019. Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 3:3. |
| spellingShingle | climate change agriculture food security Odhong’, Charles Wilkes, Andreas Dijk, Suzanne van Vorlaufer, Miriam Ndonga, Samuel Sing'ora, Brian Kenyanito, Lucy Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? |
| title | Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? |
| title_full | Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? |
| title_fullStr | Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? |
| title_short | Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? |
| title_sort | financing large scale mitigation by smallholder farmers what roles for public climate finance |
| topic | climate change agriculture food security |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/107009 |
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