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A quantitative analysis of trade policy responses to higher world agricultural commodity prices by Yu, T. Edward, Tokgoz, Simla, Wailes, Eric, Chavez, Eddie C.

“…Although price pressure for these commodities was temporarily relieved in late 2008 and 2009, the world price indexes for food, grains, and vegetable oils have rebounded in 2011 to their former high levels again (Figure 11.1). The sudden price spikes of agricultural and food commodities in 2007– 2008 quickly caught worldwide attention because cereal grains such as rice and wheat are staples in many developing economies, while corn is an important feedstock for the growing livestock sector in both developed and developing countries. …”
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Waste not, warm not: Poverty, hunger and climate change in a circular food system by Brooks, Karen

“…Reduction of food loss and waste has received increased attention in recent years. Several spikes in food prices since 2008 have highlighted the hardship that poor people, and especially poor children, face when food is priced out of their reach. …”
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Impact of brewery sludge application on heavy metal build-up, translocation, growth and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop in northern Ethiopia by Tesfahun, W., Deressa, H., Astatkie, T., Abamecha, N., Zerfu, A., Shumuye, M., Abera, G., Kidane, A., Hirko, Mignote, Assefa, F.

“…The sequence of heavy metal translocation was Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cr from soil to spikes and Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr from soil to grain. …”
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The wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4 also confers resistance to wheat blast by O’Hara, Tom, Steed, Andrew, Goddard, Rachel, Gaurav, Kumar, Sanu Arora, Quiroz-Chávez, Jesús, Ramírez-González, Ricardo, Badgami, Roshani, Gilbert, David, Sánchez-Martín, Javier, Wingen, Luzie, Cong Feng, Mei Jiang, Shifeng Cheng, Dreisigacker, Susanne, Keller, Beat, Wulff, Brande B. H., Uauy, Cristóbal, Nicholson, Paul

“…We show that Pm4 alleles differ in their recognition of different AVR-Rmg8 alleles, and some confer resistance only in seedling leaves but not spikes making it important to select for those alleles that function in both tissues. …”
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Genetic evaluation of growth of Kenya Boran cattle using random regression models by Wasike, C.B., Indetie, D., Pitchford, W.S., Ojango, Julie M.K., Kahi, A.

“…Phenotypic correlation pattern was erratic between early ages, negatively low (−0.02) between the extreme data points and moderate to highly positive (>0.50) between intermediate and later points, with prominent spikes along the diagonal. It is concluded that RR models have potential for modelling growth of Boran cattle, notwithstanding conditions of small herd sizes and inconsistent recording.…”
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Prediction of seasonal climate-induced variations in global food production by Iizumi T, Sakuma H, Yokozawa M, Luo JJ, Challinor, Andrew J., Brown, M.E., Sakurai G, Yamagata T

“…Given the increased volatility of food markets and the rising incidence of climatic extremes affecting food production, food price spikes may increase in prevalence in future years2, 3, 4. …”
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Assessment of bread wheat production, marketing and selection of N-efficient bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) varieties for higher grain yield and quality in North Western Ethiopi... by Bayeh, B.

“…At Bure, plant height (r=0.18) and number of spikelets per spike (r=0.26) showed significant positive correlation with grain yield. …”
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Spatially differentiated nitrogen supply is key in a global food–fertilizer price crisis by Snapp, Sieglinde S., Sapkota, Tek Bahadur, Chamberlin, Jordan, Cox, Cindy M., Gameda, Samuel, Jat, Mangi Lal, Marenya, Paswel Phiri, Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, Negra, Christine, Senthilkumar, Kalimuthu, Sida, Tesfaye Shiferaw, Singh, Upendra, Stewart, Zachary, Fantaye, Kindie Tesfaye, Govaerts, Bram

“…As nitrogen (N) fertilizer price spikes threaten food security, differentiated responses are required to maintain staple cereal yields across over- and underfertilized agricultural systems. …”
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Tetracyclines uptake from irrigation water by vegetables: Accumulation and antimicrobial resistance risks by Gudda, Fredrick, Odinga, E.S., Tang, L., Waigi, M.G., Wang, J., Abdalmegeed, D., Gao, Y.

“…Synthetic wastewater spiked with 1 ppm and 10 ppm of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was used to grow vegetables in a greenhouse pot experiment. …”
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Liberalizing foodgrains markets: Experiences, impacts, and lessons from South Asia: Synopsis by Ganesh-Kumar, Anand, Roy, Devesh, Gulati, Ashok

“…With both persistent and re-emerging food price inflation reaching new heights in 2007-08 in global markets, South Asia saw sharp inflation—between 50 and 100 percent—in basic staples in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These drastic price spikes drew comprehensive policy responses from the governments of these countries, addressing both supply and demand for foodgrains. …”
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Price and volatility transmission from international to domestic food and fertilizer markets in Central America by Hernandez, Manuel A., Ceballos, Francisco, Berrospi, Maria Lucia, Perego, Viviana Maria Eugenia, Brown, Melissa, Lopez, Elena Mora

“…Following recent major global shocks that resulted in significant spikes in international food and fertilizer prices, this study analyses the degree of price and volatility transmission from international to selected domestic food and fertilizer markets across seven countries in Central America. …”
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Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from lowland rice cultivation with urea deep placement and alternate wetting and drying irrigation by Islam, S. M. Mofijul, Gaihre, Yam Kanta, Biswas, Jatish Chandra, Singh, Upendra, Ahmed, Md. Nayeem, Sanabria, Joaquin, Saleque, M.A.

“…N2O emission peaks were observed after broadcast application of PU but not after UDP. In contrast, large spikes in N2O emission were observed after UDP, compared to broadcast application, during dry periods. …”
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Price and volatility transmission from international to domestic food and fertilizer markets in Central America by Hernandez, Manuel A., Ceballos, Francisco, Berrospi, Maria Lucia, Perego, Viviana M. E., Brown, Melissa, Lopez, Elena Mora

“…Recent global shocks have triggered sharp spikes in international food and fertilizer prices, raising concerns about their domestic impacts. …”
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Investing in water for food, ecosystems, and livelihoods: an overview of the comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture by Fraiture, Charlotte de, David, S., Wichelns, Dennis

“…Only if we act to improve water use will we meet the acute fresh water challenge. Recent spikes in food prices, partially caused by the increasing demand for agricultural products in non-food uses, underline the urgent need to invest in agricultural production, of which water management is a crucial part. …”
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In vitro androgenesis in Dioscorea rotundata Poir by Adesoye, A.I., Azuh, V.O., Gueye, B., Sartie, A.M., Asiedu, Robert

“…These are NaOCI (sodiumhypochlorite), NaOCI with 70% ethanol pretreatment and NaOCI with ethanol and Tween 20. Sterilization of spikes was carried out using 2%, 3%, 5%,10%, 15% and 20% NaOCI concentrations for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. …”
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Optimising PCR detection of Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi: Two models, two approaches by Bertolini, Edson, Caruso, Paola, Penyalver, Ramón, Olmos, Antonio, Quesada, Jose M., Cambra, Mariano, López, María M.

“…Moreover, the four primers were included in a multiplex nested RT-PCR protocol that allows the simultaneous detection of the bacterial target and four RNA viruses in olive plants. Sensitivity in spiked samples was up to 1 CFU m1−1 of plant extract by either method and both were successfully applied to the detection of P. s. pv. savastanoi on asymptomatic shoots from olive plants grown in orchards and nurseries.…”
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European protocol for diagnosis of Erwinia amylovora by López, María M., Llop, Pablo, Gorris, María T., Penyalver, Javier, Donat, Victoria, Cambra, Mariano, Keck, M.

“…Testing was performed independently at 10 plant health laboratories analysing 15 samples (healthy, spiked or inoculated). The reliability of the diagnosis across all laboratories decreased with inoculum concentration. …”
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A sentiment analysis of the 2014-15 Ebola outbreak in the media and social media by John, Blooma, Baulch, Bob, Wickramasinghe, Nilmini

“…The volume of news articles was greatest between August 2014 and January 2015, with a spike in October 2014, and was driven by the few cases of transmission in Europe and the USA. …”
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Private sector rice stocks in Bangladesh: Estimates from the Bangladesh Millers’ and Traders’ Survey (MATS) 2018 by Dorosh, Paul A., Minot, Nicholas, Kabir, Razin, Hossain, Shahadat

“…This leads to difficulties in the timeliness of requisite actions on the part of the govern-ment. When rice prices spike, the typical response has been to lay the blame at the feet of millers and traders. …”
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Temporal and spatial dynamics of pulse production in India by Sekar, Inba, Roy, Devesh, Joshi, Pramod Kumar

“…It divides the history since 1960 into four time periods: pre– and early Green Revolution; advanced and post– Green Revolution; postliberalization; and post– trade spike. To study the spatial movement in pulse cultivation, states are grouped into five geographic zones: north, east, south, west, and central. …”
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