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Boiled milk, food safety and the risk of exposure to milk borne pathogens in informal dairy markets in Tanzania by Kilango, K., Makita, K., Kurwijila, Lusato R., Grace, Delia

“…Exposure assessment showed that the probability of purchasing boiled milk contaminated with S. aureus, served hot at kiosks was 0.227 (90%CI: 0.062-0.436). …”
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A computer program for geostatistical and spatial analysis of crop model outputs by Thornton, Philip K., Booltink, H.W.G., Stoorvogel, J.J.

“…Users can run spatial simulation experiments and then analyze the results using (i) a geostatistical module to interpolate maps and produce probability surfaces from a network of data points and (ii) a utility that calculates agronomic and economic output statistics from model simulations and maps the results as polygons. …”
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The effects of trypanosomiasis and other factors on rectal temperature and blood picture of Muturu cattle (Bos brachyceros) reared under traditional village management system by Uzu, D.V., Umunna, N.N., Bawa, E.K.

“…Serum TP in both infected and non-infected animals however, remained consistently low probably due to the low crude-protein of the native grasses and crop residues which were the main feed resources of the animals. …”
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The Mahibere-Silassie composite: A new cattle breed type in north-western Ethiopia by Wuletaw, Z., Ayalew, W., Sölkner, Johann, Hegde, B.P.

“…The validity of discriminant analysis was assessed by reclassification statistics putting equal a priori probability levels for all sample populations and the results showed the overall classification rate (hit rate) was 55.2% and 60.1% for female and male populations, respectively. …”
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Hydraulic properties of clay soils as affected by biochar and charcoal amendments by Bayabil, H.K., Lehmann, J.C., Yitaferu, B., Stoof, C., Steenhuis, Tammo S.

“…Moreover, five year event precipitation data, from the watershed, was analysed and exceedance probability of rainfall intensity was computed. Results show treatments reduced soil moisture contents, for most of the cases. …”
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Accuracy of pastoralists' memory-based kinship assignment of Ankole cattle: A microsatellite DNA analysis by Kugonza, Donald R., Kiwuwa, G.H., Mpairwe, D.R., Han Jianlin, Nabasirye, M., Okeyo Mwai, Ally, Hanotte, Olivier H.

“…Average within population relatedness coefficients ranged from 0.010±0.005 (Nshaara) to 0.067±0.004 (Tayebwa). An exclusion probability of 99.9% was observed for both sire-offspring and dam-offspring relationships using the entire panel of 19 markers. …”
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The dynamics and impact of foot and mouth disease in smallholder farming systems in South-East Asia: A case study in Laos by Perry, Brian D., Gleeson, L.J., Khounsey, S., Bounma, P., Blacksell, Stuart D.

“…Results suggested that the infection had probably been introduced from the eastern border and had spread rapidly west, along a principal trading route of pigs, cattle and buffalo. …”
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Physiological and molecular characterization of drought responses and identification of candidate tolerance genes in cassava by Turyagyenda, L.F., Kizito, Elizabeth Balyejusa, Ferguson, Morag E., Baguma, Yona K., Agaba, Morris, Harvey, Jagger J.W., Osiru, D.S.O.

“…Based on these genes, we hypothesize that the basis of the tolerance at the cellular level is probably through mitigation of the oxidative burst and osmotic adjustment. …”
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Present spatial diversity patterns of Theobroma cacao L. in the neotropics reflect genetic differentiation in Pleistocene refugia followed by human-influenced dispersal by Thomas, E., Zonneveld, M. van, Loo, J., Hodgkin, T., Galluzzi, Gea, Etten, Jacob van

“…During glaciations, cacao populations were likely to have been restricted to several refugia where they probably underwent genetic differentiation, resulting in a number of genetic clusters which are representative for, or closest related to, the original wild cacao populations. …”
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Water resource management in the Olifants Basin of South Africa: previous projects and future prospects by Altchenko, Yvan, Shu, Yunqiao

“…The impact of these pollutions (high salinity, high concentrations of metals, low pH) are probably multiple with serious ecological impacts. …”
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How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils? by Hong, Hanh Nguyen, Rumpel, C., Henry des Tureaux, Thierry, Bardoux, G., Billou, D., Tran Duc Toan, Jouquet, Pascal

“…Aggregates larger than 2000 mm, however, were most probably composed of all fractions and were not different. …”
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Adapting to intersectoral transfers in the Zhanghe Irrigation System, China: Part I - In-system storage characteristics by Roost Nicolas, Xueliang Cai, David, S., Yuanlai Cui

“…A comparative analysis between 1978 and 2001reveals that part of this capacity results from a very significant development of ponds (particularly in the smaller range of sizes) in the time interval, probably as a response to rapidly declining canal supplies. …”
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Hydraulic redistribution by two semi-arid shrub species: implications for Sahelian agro-ecosystems by Kizito, Fred, Dragila, M.I., Sene, M., Brooks, J.R., Meinzer, F.C., Diedhiou, I., Diouf, M., Lufafa, A., Dick, R.P., Selker, J., Cuenca, R.

“…Monthly predawn leaf water potential was measured using a portable pressure chamber. Soil water potential (Js) at the 20 cm depth declined significantly during the dry season with diel changes in Js of 0.6 to 1.1 MPa. …”
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Marker concentration patterns of labelled leaf and stem particles in the rumen of cattle grazing bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) analysed by reference to a raft model by Poppi, DP, Ellis, WC, Matis, JH, Lascano Aguilar, Carlos Eduardo

“…Particles generated within the raft have difficulty escaping but once into the ventral rumen pool they escape quickly with a low probability of return to the raft. It was concluded that the raft model gave a good interpretation of the data and emphasized escape from and movement within the raft as important components of the residence time of leaf and stem particles within the rumen digesta of cattle.…”
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Nitrogen recoveries from organic amendments in crop and soil assessed by isotope techniques under tropical field conditions by Douxchamps, Sabine, Frossard, Emmanuel, Bernasconi, S, Hoek, Rein van der, Schmidt, A., Rao, Idupulapati M., Oberson, Astrid

“…Recoveries in maize would probably be higher at a site with lower soil available N content. …”
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Plant-available P for maize and cowpea in P-deficient soils from the Nigerian Northern Guinea savanna : Comparison of E- and L-values by Pypers, Pieter, Loon, L. van, Diels, J., Abaidoo, Robert C., Smolders, E., Merckx, Roel

“…However, this process cannot overcome P deficiency in these soils, probably because P uptake is limited by the small P concentration in the soil solution (1 2 ?…”
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Using similarity analyses to scale out research findings across Andean watershed basins by Otero, M, Rubiano Mejía, Jorge Eliécer, Lema, G, Soto, V.

“…Results showed complementarities between the two methods in presenting a probability surface of similarity across the Andes and a clustering of similar sites inside and outside the pilot basins. …”
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Impacts of tsetse control on migration, livestock production, cropping practices and farmer-herder conflicts in the Mouhoun valley of southern Burkina Faso by Kamuanga, M., Antoine, C., Brasselle, A.S., Swallow, B.M., D'Ieteren, G.D.M., Bauer, B.

“…An econometric analysis of the determinants of the probability of conflicts following tsetse control revealed herd size, intensity of animal traction use, ethnicity, village location and wealth as significant factors. …”
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The implications of climate change for positive contributions of invertebrates to world agriculture by Cock, Matthew J.W., Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Cannon, Raymond J.C., Gerard, Philippa J., Gillespie, D, Jiménez, J.J., Lavelle, Patrick M., Raina, S.K.

“…Existing evidence suggests that three general assumptions can be made. First, it is probable that climate change will disrupt to varying degrees the role and use of invertebrates in agriculture, especially sustainable agriculture, even though the precise nature of the disruptions is not yet known. …”
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Water: the most important ‘molecular’ component of water stress tolerance research by Vadez, Vincent, Kholová, Jana, Zaman-Allah, M.A., Belko, N.

“…Given that the phenotypic evaluation of germplasm/breeding material is limited by the number of locations and years of testing, crop simulation modelling then becomes a powerful tool for navigating the complexity of biological systems, for predicting the effects on yield and for determining the probability of success of specific traits or trait combinations across water stress scenarios.…”
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