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Public-private partnerships in agricultural research: An analysis of challenges facing industry and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research by Spielman, David J., von Grebmer, Klaus

“…Similarly, partners discount the need for brokers and third-party actors to manage research collaborations and reduce competition between sectors. Finally, partners are operating without sufficient information on existing partnership experiences, lessons, and models, potentially contributing to a persistent or widening gap between sectors.…”
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The use of household expenditure surveys for the assessment of food insecurity by Smith, Lisa C.

“…The third strength is that they allow causal analysis for identifying actions to reduce food insecurity, information that is vital to policy makers and program designers intending to reduce food insecurity. Finally, given that food insecurity manifests itself at household and individual levels, as the data on expenditures are collected directly from households themselves, they are likely to be more reliable than those derived from data collected at more aggregate levels. …”
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Agricultural market reforms in Egypt: initial adjustments in local output markets by Badiane, Ousmane

“…Furthermore, millers continue to procure paddy rice and traders continue to process paddy rice, so that it would appear that specialization has not yet occurred in the two subsectors. Finally, concomitant to changes in output levels and marketing behavior are falling real farm foodgrain prices, except for wheat. …”
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A standard computable general equilibrium model for South Africa by Thurlow, James, van Seventer, Dirk

“…Secondly, a complete abolition of import tariffs also appears to generate increases in gross domestic product, with negative and positive consequences for aggregate manufacturing and services respectively. Finally, an increase in total factor productivity is growth enhancing, with the most positive results derived under neoclassical assumptions of the macroeconomic adjustment mechanisms. …”
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An operational framework for wildlife health in the One Health approach by Goulet, C., Garine-Wichatitsky, M. de, Chardonnet, P., Klerk, L.-M. de, Kock, R., Muset, S., Suu-Ire, R., Caron, Alexandre

“…For each wildlife category, the type (natural vs. anthropogenic) of habitat, the nature of the interface of wildlife with humans and/or livestock, and the level of sanitary control are defined; and finally, iii) the holistic definition of wildlife health is considered in relation to each wildlife category to define health challenges and the domains of expertise required to address them. …”
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Targeting social assistance in fragile settings: An experiment on community-based targeting by Abay, Kibrom A., Berhane, Guush, Gilligan, Daniel O., Tafere, Kibrom, Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum

“…Consistent with this, we find that offering community leaders some level of discretion helps them reduce exclusion errors and include those most deprived or those affected by armed conflicts. Finally, we find that community leaders are more vulnerable to favoritism when real stakes (rather than hypothetical) are involved, budgets are relatively larger, and they lack discretion. …”
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Analysis of the potential market segmentation of new CIAT forage hybrids in Africa, Latin America and Asia by Junca Paredes, John Jairo, Florez, Jesus Fernando, Sotelo Cabrera, Mauricio Efren, Burkart, Stefan

“…Indonesia, Cambodia, and the Philippines have a share of 88.61%. Finally, in Latin America, the potential markets for interspecific Urochloa, Urochloa humidicola, and Megathyrsus maximus hybrids could reach up to 5,959,910 ha, 4,606,710 ha and 2,509,847 ha, respectively. …”
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Report on assessment of selected One Health resources for eastern and southern Africa by Kang’ethe, Erastus K., Kiugu, E., Muriuki, S., Richards, Shauna, Quan, M., Mutua, Florence, Knight-Jones, Theodore J.D.

“…A team of consultants further developed the rubric, pretested it, and finally used it to evaluate 36 resources. This process necessitated working closely with the team member who developed the rubric structure and the work package three teams at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). …”
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Investment, subsidies, and pro-poor growth in rural India by Fan, Shenggen, Gulati, Ashok, Thorat, Sukhadeo

“…Second, agricultural research, education, and rural roads are the three most effective public spending items in promoting agricultural growth and poverty reduction during all periods. Finally, the trade-off between agricultural growth and poverty reduction is generally small among different types of investments. …”
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The impact of CAFTA on poverty, distribution, and growth in El Salvador by Morley, Samuel, Nakasone, Eduardo, Piñeiro, Valeria

“…That is what the maquila simulation does, because maquila uses a lot of unskilled labor relative to skilled labor and capital. Finally the supply of capital can be increased by increasing the rate of capital formation. …”
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Impact of contract farming on income: Linking small farmers, packers, and supermarket in China by Miyata, Sachiko, Minot, Nicholas, Hu, Dinghuan

“…Furthermore, using a Heckman selection-correction model to control for possible selection bias, we find that contract farmers earn significantly more than independent farmers after controlling for household labor availability, education, farm size, and other characteristics. Finally, we find that the way contracting contributes to farm income varies between commodities: contract apple growers benefit from higher yields (presumably due to technical assistance), while contract green onion growers receive higher prices (presumably due to better quality). …”
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Groups, networks, and social capital in the Philippine communities by Godquin, Marie, Quisumbing, Agnes R.

“…The paper examines the determinants of the density of social capital, proxied by the number of groups and the number of network members. Finally, it explores various reasons why people might join groups—whether groups increase trust, or whether groups increase well-being, as proxied by per capita expenditure. …”
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Agricultural trade liberalization under Doha: the risks facing African countries by Badiane, Ousmane

“…It also indicates that trade preferences have been less beneficial to African economies than usually assumed and at any rate have not been significant enough to compensate African countries for the negative impact of global protectionism. Finally, the paper also disagrees with the widely accepted conclusion that African countries would suffer from liberalization of global agricultural policies because they tend to be net food importers. …”
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Introducing a genetically modified banana in Uganda: Social benefits, costs, and consumer perceptions by Falck-Zepeda, José B., Kilkuwe, Enoch M., Wesseler, Justus

“…Second, suggest an approach for assessing producer/consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for introducing a GM banana. Finally, the paper discusses main implications for biosafety decision making for GM crops in Uganda. …”
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Determinants of household access to and participation in formal and informal credit markets in Malawi by Diagne, Aliou

“…As informal loans are usually too small to help poor households start a viable nonfarm business, these households may be forced to rely on farming as the sole source of income, despite its unreliability because of the frequency of drought in Malawi. Finally, formal and informal credit are found to be imperfect substitutes. …”
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Biofuels: Potential production capacity, effects on grain and livestock sectors, and implications for food prices and consumers by Hayes, Dermot J., Babcock, Bruce A., Fabiosa, Jacinto F., Tokgoz, Simla, Elobeid, Amani, Yu, Tun-Hsiang, Dong, Fengxia, Hart, Chad E., Chavez, Edward, Pan, Suwen, Carriquiry, Miguel A., Dumortier, Jerome

“…The blenders' credit and consumption mandates provide a price floor for ethanol and for corn. Finally, the tight linkage between the energy and agricultural sectors resulting from the expanding biofuel sector may raise the possibility of spillover effects of OPEC's market power on the agricultural sector.…”
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Preserving cultural heritage through the valorization of Cordillera heirloom rice in the Philippines by Bairagi, Subir, Custodio, Marie Claire, Durand-Morat, Alvaro, Demont, Matty

“…Findings further indicate that women, business owners, and consumers who buy packaged rice and eat pigmented rice are willing to pay more for heirloom rice. Finally, our evidence suggests that proper information framing will be necessary to create demand and support the valorization of heirloom rice to preserve cultural heritage and in situ biodiversity of rice landraces in the Philippines.…”
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Investigating unproductive water losses from irrigated agricultural crops in the humid tropics through analyses of stable isotopes of water by Mahindawansha, Amani, Külls, Christoph, Kraft, Philipp, Breuer, Lutz

“…It decreased towards the end of both growing seasons during thewet and the dry season. We finally discuss the most relevant soil water flowmechanisms, which we identified in our study to be those of matrix flow,preferential flow through desiccation cracks, and evaporation. …”
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Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: A diverse pathogen with limited clonality by Mayor, D., Jores, Joerg, Korczak, B.M., Kuhnert, P.

“…Out of 12 housekeeping genes chosen and experimentally validated, the 7 genes efp, metG, pgiB, recA, adk, rpoB, and tpiA were finally used to establish the MLST scheme. Their usefulness was assessed individually and in combination using a set of well-defined field samples and strains of M. hyopneumoniae. …”
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Toward the sequence-based breeding in legumes in the post-genome sequencing era by Varshney, Rajeev K., Pandey, Manish K., Bohra, Abhishek, Singh, Vikas K., Thudi, Mahendar, Saxena, Rachit K.

“…While we see a huge potential of the sequence-based breeding to revolutionize crop improvement programs in these legumes, we anticipate several challenges especially associated with high-quality and precise phenotyping at affordable costs, data analysis and management related to improving breeding operation efficiency. Finally, integration of improved seed systems and better agronomic packages with the development of improved varieties by using sequence-based breeding will ensure higher genetic gains in farmers’ fields.…”
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