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Aflatoxin contamination of milk produced in peri-urban farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and contributory factors by Yunus, A.W., Ullah, Aman, Lindahl, Johanna F., Anwar, Z., Ullah, Atta, Saif, S., Ali, M., Zahur, A.B., Irshad, H., Javaid, S., Imtiaz, N., Farooq, U., Ahsan, A., Fatima, Z., Hashmi, A.A., Abbasi, B.H.A., Bari, Z., Khan, I.U., Ibrahim, Mohamed N.M.

“…Analysis of milk using ELISA revealed high contamination with an overall average of 3164.5 ng of AFM1/L, and significant differences (p < 0.001) between cities. …”
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Low prevalence of cysticercosis and Trichinella infection in pigs in rural Cambodia by Söderberg, R., Lindahl, Johanna F., Henriksson, E., Kroesna, K., Ly, S., Sear, B., Unger, Fred, Tum, S., Hung Nguyen-Viet, Ström Hallenberg, G.

“…The serum samples were analysed by ELISA to determine antigens to Taenia spp. cysticerci or antibodies to Trichinella spp. muscle larvae. …”
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Longitudinal study of small ruminant zoonoses in Tana River, Kenya by Wainaina, Martin, Lindahl, Johanna F., Dohoo, I., Mayer-Scholl, A., Roesel, Kristina, Mbotha, Deborah, Roesler, U., Grace, Delia, Bett, Bernard K., Al Dahouk, S.

“…We tested for: (i) Coxiella burnetii using an IgG ELISA, (ii) Leptospira spp. using the microscopic agglutination test, and (iii) Brucella spp. using the complement fixation test. …”
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Seroepidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants in selected districts in Northwest Ethiopia by Abesha, H., Teshome, Y., Alemu, Y.F., Dejene, H., Tarekegn, Z.S., Assefa, Ayalew

“…From the animals, blood samples were aseptically collected and PPRV antibodies from the serum were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The overall seroprevalence of antibodies to PPRV was 32.5% in both species. …”
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Seroprevalence estimates of Q fever and the predictors for the infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in Nandi County, Kenya by Kiptanui, J., Gathura, P.B., Kitala, P.M., Bett, Bernard K.

“…Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to Coxiella burnetii using the indirect ELISA test. Results showed an overall animal seroprevalence of 5.614% (64/1140) for Q fever. …”
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Serological evidence and factors associated with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in sheep in Burkina Faso by Dahourou, L.D., Akio, S., Savadogo, M., Yougbaré, B., Ouoba, L.B., Tapsoba, A.S.R., Zerbo, L.H., Ilboudo, Abdoul K., Abga, R.L., Traoré, A., Dione, Michel M., Alambédji, R.B.

“…The double-antigen sandwich ELISA test was used to test for antibodies against CCHF virus (CCHFV). …”
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Variation in seed transmission of cowpea viruses between single and multiple infections by Ogunsola, K.E., Kumar, P.L.

“…The leaf samples were tested for viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). …”
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Optimization of multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) by Dawit, Woubit, Mulatu, Fikerte, Hirko, Mignote, Negawo, Alemayehu T.

“…Conventional diagnostic methods, including Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and single-target Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), are limited by their inability to detect multiple viruses simultaneously, which is particularly challenging in crops prone to mixed infections. …”
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Biochemical characterization of activation associated bovine class I major histocompatibility complex antigens by Bensaid, A.M., Kaushal, A., MacHugh, Niall D., Shapiro, S.Z., Teale, A.J.

“…Utilizing a ‘sandwich’ ELISA assay we have been able to demonstrate that mAb W6/32, B1G6 and IL‐A19 are reactive with three different monomorphic determinants on bovine class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. …”
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Factors associated with Theileria parva infections in small-holder dairy farms in Murang'a District, Kenya by Gitau, G.K., McDermott, John J., Perry, Brian D.

“…Calf serum antibody titres to T. parva were estimated using the indirect enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and expressed as percent positivity (PP). …”
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Trypanocidal drug resistance in eastern province of Zambia by Sinyangwe, L., Delespaux, V., Brandt, J., Geerts, S., Mubanga, J., Machila, N., Holmes, P.H., Eisler, M.C.

“…Use was made of parasitological methods, tests of resistance in cattle and mice and isometamidium-ELISA.Overall mean prevalence of trypanosomosis was 14.4, with 96% of infections caused by Trypanosoma congolense. …”
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Serological survey of porcine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in pigs slaughtered at Ndumbuini abattoir in Nairobi, Kenya by Akoko, James M., Macleod, E., Kang'ethe, Erastus K., Muinde, P., Alarcón, Pablo, Muloi, Dishon M., Gachoya, J., Fèvre, Eric M.

“…Blood samples were obtained from 700 pigs selected by systematic random sampling. Antigen ELISA was used to detect T. solium secretory antigen, while structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and observational tools were used to assess the risk factors. …”
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The association between exposure to aflatoxin, mutation in TP53,infection with hepatitis B virus, and occurrence of liver disease in a selected population in Hyderabad, India by Anitha, S., Raghunadharao, D., Waliyar, Farid, Sudini, H., Parveen, M., Rao, R., Kumar, P. Lava

“…This study examined mutations in TP53 by PCR-RFLP analysis and bymeasurement of an aflatoxin-albumin adduct as a biomarker for human exposure of aflatoxin B1 byindirect-competitive ELISA, in samples collected from healthy controls as well as patients with hepatitisin Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. …”
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Risk factors for leptospirosis seropositivity in slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya by Cook, Elizabeth A.J., Glanville, William A. de, Thomas, Lian F., Kariuki, S., Bronsvoort, B.M. de C., Fèvre, Eric M.

“…Questionnaires were used to collect information from workers on demographic data, health and hygiene practices in the slaughterhouse. A commercial ELISA detected antibodies to Leptospira spp. in serum samples and multilevel logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with leptospirosis seropositivity. …”
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Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade by Nakato, V., Mahuku, George S., Coutinho, Teresa A.

“…Xcm can also be identified using direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA), species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GspDm primers and lateral flow devices that detect latent infections. …”
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Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo by Udomkun, Patchimaporn, Mutegi, C., Assfaw Wossen, Tesfamicheal, Atehnkeng, J., Nabahungu, N.L., Njukwe, E., Vanlauwe, Bernard, Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit

“…In order to investigate the levels of aflatoxin, crop samples were analyzed using a single step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (Reveal Q+), while enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze aflatoxin‐M1 in milk, yogurt, and cheese samples. …”
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Pre-harvest management is a critical practice for minimizing aflatoxin contamination of maize by Mahuku, George S., Nzioki, H.S., Mutegi, C., Kanampiu, F.K., Narrod, C., Makumbi, Dan

“…To understand sources of aflatoxin contamination for home grown maize, we collected 789 maize samples from smallholder farmers’ fields in Eastern and South Western, two regions in Kenya representing high and low aflatoxin risk areas, respectively, and determined aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using ELISA with specific polyclonal antibodies. AFB1 was detected in 274 of the 416 samples from Eastern Kenya at levels between 0.01 and 9091.8 μg kg−1 (mean 67.8 μg kg−1). …”
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Evaluación sanitaria en porcinos de establecimientos periurbanos de la localidad de Uriburu, La Pampa by Murcia, Vanina Nerea, Beneitez, Adrian Horacio, Lorda, Hector, Gimenez, Hugo Daniel, Fort, Marcelo Cristian

“…Para Virus de la Enfermedad de Aujeszky se utilizó un kit comercial de ELISA de bloqueo, para la detección de anticuerpos específicos para la glicoproteína E del Virus de la Enfermedad de Aujeszky (CIVTEST— Laboratorios HIPRA S.A Girona, España). …”
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Diseño de protocolos de extracción de ARN y detección de virus por RT-PCR en hojas y bulbillos de ajo (Allium sativum L.) by Barontini, Javier Miguel, Guzmán, E., Garcia Lampasona, Sandra Claudia

“…Tradicionalmente, la detección viral, tanto en la producción de ajo semilla saneada de virus como en cultivos comerciales, se realiza mediante la técnica serológica ELISA, pero se ha avanzado hacia técnicas moleculares más sensibles como la RT-PCR. …”
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Optimized production of virus-like particles in a high-CHO-cell-density transient gene expression system for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine development by Mignaqui, Ana Clara, Ferella, Alejandra, Sánchez, Cintia, Stuible, Matthew, Scian, Romina, Filippi, Jorge, Cardillo, Sabrina Beatriz, Durocher, Yves, Wigdorovitz, Andres

“…Immunized pigs developed protective antibody titers as measured by a virus neutralization test (VNT, log10 titer 1.43) and liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE, titer 2.20) at 28 days post-vaccination (dpv). …”
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