Resultados de búsqueda - "structural adjustment"

Zambia: A quiet crisis in African research and development por Elliott, Howard, Perrault, Paul T.

“…In the past decade, Zambia has largely adhered to structural adjustment measures; however, as a consequence, its agricultural R&D institutions have lost significant key resources and subsequently credibility, when the research agenda failed to evolve quickly enough to respond to, much less lead, the changes in the economy.…”
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Agricultural transition in Russia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe: Ten lessons for Venezuela por Brooks, Karen

“…The term is most frequently used in reference to the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, but key features of a move from dominant state intervention to greater reliance on markets characterized reforms in China after 1978, Vietnam in 1986 and thereafter, and many countries in Africa south of the Sahara during the years of structural adjustment in the 1990s. The policy reforms that constitute an agricultural transition are intrinsically difficult and made even more so when undertaken under conditions of crisis-induced chaos. …”
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Emergence of Sri Lanka in European fish trade: Is there cause for concern in the Lake Victoria region (East Africa)? por Muhammad, Andrew, Ngeleza, Guyslain K.

“…This paper examines European Union (E.U.) demand for chilled fish fillets assuming product heterogeneity due to country of origin and assesses the structural adjustment in demand as indicated by the increase in imports from Sri Lanka since the tsunami in December 2004. …”
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Scenarios for trade integration in the Americas por Diao, Xinshen, Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio, Robinson, Sherman

“…In this environment, external shocks and stabilization and structural adjustment programs are likely to lead to significant swings in trade balances and exchange rates. …”
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Linking safety nets, social protection, and poverty reduction: directions for Africa por Adato, Michelle, Ahmed, Akhter, Lund, Francie

“…In Africa and elsewhere, safety nets were promoted in the 1980s as a response to the (presumably short-term) adverse effects of structural adjustment. Though some safety nets had a developmental component, safety nets are still largely associated with the idea of a short-term buffer. …”
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Rice policy, trade, and exchange rate changes in Indonesia: a general equilibrium analysis por Robinson, Sherman, El-Said, Moataz, San, Nu Nu

“…With devaluation, maintaining a low rice price discriminates against rice producers and hence slows the process of structural adjustment. In addition, the price support program is costly and strains the government accounts, even if the administrative costs of operating the program are ignored.…”
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Public agricultural research in Latin America and the Caribbean: Investment and capacity trends por Stads, Gert-Jan, Beintema, Nienke M.

“…Another shared factor is that many LAC countries have reformed or are in the process of reforming their economies through structural adjustment programs. Agriculture faces many challenges in LAC, especially in the context of development. …”
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Macroeconomic policies and industrial wood processing and trade in Zimbabwe por Kowero, G.S., Mabugu, R.

“…The paper demonstrates that: (a) macroeconomic policies promoted some industrial forestry activities in the post-independence period, more during the economic structural adjustment programme (ESAP) era when there were more pro-export policies, and then less in the recent post-ESAP years when dirigisme returned and the economy almost collapsed; (b) economic reform policies which initially had the greatest impact on industrial forestry were those of trade liberalisation and domestic deregulation, which came at a time when world timber markets were strengthening and therefore provided the timber industry with the capacity to grow, develop a wide range of products and adopt an export focus; (c) timber production for construction tends to increase with economic growth and vice versa; (d) in the post-ESAP period the forest industry has been characterised by uncertainty of tenure for its plantations due to recent changes in land laws, high inflation that erodes profitability, local market shrinkage due to prevailing stressed economy, loss of investor confidence and unrealistic currency exchange rates that make exporting unattractive. …”
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Analysis of production trends in the major root and tuber crops in Nigeria, 1961-2005 por Ojiako, I.A., Asumugha, G.N., Ezedinma, C.I., Uzokwe, Veronica N.E.

“…It was found that output of all roots and tubers rose tremendously during the era of the structural adjustment (SAP) introduced in 1986 and remained high during the post-SAP democratic era. …”
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Introduction [in Ghana’s economic and agricultural transformation] por Diao, Xinshen, Hazell, Peter B. R., Kolavalli, Shashidhara, Resnick, Danielle

“…To tackle these important questions in a tractable manner, this book focuses on the experience of one country—Ghana—and examines the country’s overall economic performance since it went through a major Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in the early 1980s and provides a detailed analysis of the performance of the agricultural sector. …”
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Investigating public financial accounts and coding system in Malawi and measuring agricultural expenditures within the system por Mwabutwa, Chance

“…The report starts with a brief background on reforms in the public financial accounts starting with the adoption of the structural adjustment in the 1980s. This is followed by an analysis of the budget and expenditure classification and coding system and a description of the public agriculture expenditure in Malawi. …”
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The Egyptian food subsidy system: structure, performance, and options for reform por Ahmed, Akhter, Gutner, Tamar, Lofgren, Hans, Bouis, Howarth E.

“…It has also been a major component of the social safety net for the poor, guaranteeing the availability of affordable staples, helping to reduce infant mortality and malnutrition, and mitigating the adverse effects of recent economic reform and structural adjustment.The cost of the system has declined considerably from 14 percent of government expenditures in 1980/81 to 5.6 percent in 1996/97. …”
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The Egyptian food subsidy system: structure, performance, and options for reform por Ahmed, Akhter, Gutner, Tamar, Lofgren, Hans, Bouis, Howarth E.

“…It has also been a major component of the social safety net for the poor, guaranteeing the availability of affordable staples, helping to reduce infant mortality and malnutrition, and mitigating the adverse effects of recent economic reform and structural adjustment.The cost of the system has declined considerably from 14 percent of government expenditures in 1980/81 to 5.6 percent in 1996/97. …”
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The political economy of urban food security in Sub-Saharan Africa por Maxwell, Daniel G.

“…The impact of structural adjustment, continued rapid growth, and an increase in urban poverty make food insecurity in the 1990s primarily a problem of access by the urban poor. …”
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General equilibrium measures of agricultural policy bias in fifteen developing countries por Jensen, Henning Tarp, Robinson, Sherman, Tarp, Finn

“…Eliminating this bias was one of the goals of policy reform strategies, including structural adjustment programs, supported by the World Bank and others; and many countries undertook such reforms in the 1990s. …”
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Cattle, broadleaf forests and the agricultural modernization law of Honduras: the case of Olancho por Sunderlin, William D., Rodríguez, J.A.

“…Among the important factors in the process of deforestation has been the growth of cattle farming. Structural adjustment policies enacted in 1992 have been directed at overcoming grave economic problems. …”
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Deforestation of woodlands in communal areas of Zimbabwe: is it due to agricultural policies? por Chipika, J.T., Kowero, G.S.

“…Increased fertiliser prices, through removal of subsidies as required by structural adjustment policies, had potential for reducing land under maize and sunflower. …”
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Agricultural Research in Government Agencies in Latin America; A Preliminary Assessment of Investment Trends por International Service for National Agricultural Research

“…Economic growth stagnated, while indebtedness increased sharply. The structural adjustment programs that were consequently implemented usually required substantial cuts in government spending, including public spending on agricultural R&D. …”
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Price, income and nutrition course: Tufts University and IFPRI course por International Food Policy Research Institute

“…Topics: Overview of the role of incomes and prices in determining nutritional status/; Policy approaches to incomes and prices as mechanisms for affecting food consumption/; Methods for evaluating effectiveness of price and income policies (overview)/; Effectiveness of price and income policies/; Basic economic concepts: Supply, demand, equilibrium, price formation, and elasticity/; Basic economic concepts: Household consumption, utility analysis, indifference curve analysis, income and substitution effects, normal and inferior foods, and income-specific consumption parameters/; Extensions: Demand for micronutrients; effects of intrahousehold distribution on elasticity estimates, time allocation, and demand for food/; Farm household behavior and price policy: Production functions, marketed surplus, and prices as determinants of income and consumption of farmers and non-farmers/; Markets: Functions and failures/; Extensions: Nutrition and farm productivity, gender and agricultural production, and agricultural supply and nutrition/; Consumer price interventions: Explicit subsidies to consumers, implicit subsidies to consumers, subsidies to producers, effectiveness, and implementation issues/; Income interventions: Types, effectiveness, and differences between LDCs and developed safety net and food for work programs/; Intrahousehold issues: alternative views of the household, evidence on intrahousehold allocation, household composition and individual consumption, differential control of assets and incomes within the household/; Policy analysis case study/; Macro food policy: Macro prices and food sector, rural-urban terms of trade, and issues of urban bias/; Structural adjustment"…”
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Oil, macroeconomics, and forests: assessing the linkages por Wunder, Sven, Sunderlin, William D.

“…This also provides some suggestions on what forest-friendly safeguards could realistically be taken in the design of structural adjustment programs, considering the important trade-offs between development and conservation objectives.…”
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