Resultados de búsqueda - "marginalism"

Public expenditure, growth, and poverty reduction in rural Uganda por Fan, Shenggen, Zhang, Xiaobo, Rao, Neetha

“…Government spending on rural roads also had substantial marginal impact on rural poverty reduction. The impact of low-grade roads such as feeder roads is larger than that of high-grade roads such as murram and tarmac roads. …”
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Decentralization, local government elections and voter turnout in Pakistan por Akramov, Kamiljon T., Qureshi, Sarfraz, Birner, Regina, Khan, Bilal Hasan

“…Our important findings reveal that (1) voter turnout is strongly associated with the personal and social gratifications people derive from voting; (2) the preference-matching ability of candidates for local government positions is marginal; and (3) the introduction of direct elections of the district nazims?…”
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Spatial coordination in public good allocation: Nonparametric evidence from decentralized Indonesia por Yamauchi, Futoshi, Chowdhury, Shyamal, Dewina, Reno

“…Empirical evidence on education and heath facilities, however, demonstrates that during the decentralized period, (1) accessibility to school has improved and school investments were effectively coordinated over space; (2) hospital access has improved only marginally; but (3) per-capita availability of schools and local medical clinics (puskesmas) in the community shows convergence toward low-level equilibria. …”
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Does Africa trade less than it should, and if so, why?: The role of market access and domestic factors por Bouët, Antoine, Mishra, Santosh, Roy, Devesh

“…Results from a semiparametric model provided evidence of significant nonlinear impacts from infrastructure, and the effects for a large number of African countries was significant and compared favorably with the marginal effects of infrastructure in countries on other continents and in comparable income brackets. …”
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The world food situation: an overview por von Braun, Joachim

“…Bio- and info- technological innovations based on science for the poorest and marginalized will be critical. And natural resource constraints will need to be addressed to safeguard against new food security threats. …”
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Dynamics in the creation and depreciation of knowledge, and the returns to research por Alston, Julian M., Craig, Barbara J., Pardey, Philip G.

“…Consequently, the real, marginal rate of return to public agricultural R&D in the United States is estimated to be less than 10 percent per annum, much smaller than the typical rates of return reported in scores of previous studies, based on conceptually flawed and inappropriately restrictive dynamic specifications. …”
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A 1991 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Zimbabwe por Thomas, Marcelle, Bautista, Romeo M.

“…Among the significant features of the Zimbabwean economy that are explicitly taken into account in the SAM structure are the importance of agriculture, the distinction between smallholder and large-scale commercial farms, home consumption by smallholder farm households, and the large marketing margins that reflect inefficiencies in trade and transport infrastructure.…”
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Macroeconomic reforms and regional integration southern Africa por Mataya, Charles

“…They also sought to improve financial sector policy (to achieve competitive returns on financial assets, increase the marginal productivity of capital, and boost the saving rate); improve the efficiency of public enterprises and labor markets (to enhance the mobility of goods and labor and to make prices and wages more flexible); and improve the coverage and quantity of social services.…”
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What should be the focus of agricultural policy reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa? A CGE analysis por Balié, Jean, Narayanan, Badri

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Molecular genetics and breeding for nutrient use efficiency in rice por Ali, Jauhar, Jewel, Zilhas Ahmed, Mahender, Anumalla, Anandan, Annamalai, Hernandez, Jose, Li, Zhikang

“…In the coming decades, rice production needs to be carried out sustainably to keep the balance between profitability margins and essential resource input costs. Many fertilizers, such as N, depend primarily on fossil fuels, whereas P comes from rock phosphates. …”
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Flood-tolerant rice reduces yield variability and raises expected yield, differentially benefitting socially disadvantaged groups por Dar, Manzoor H., de Janvry, Alain, Emerick, Kyle, Raitzer, David, Sadoulet, Elisabeth

“…Thus, a policy relevant implication of our findings is that flood-tolerant rice can deliver both efficiency gains, through reduced yield variability and higher expected yield and equity gains in disproportionately benefiting the most marginal group of farmers.…”
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The digital landscape in Eastern India: Findings from the digital needs assessment surveys from Bihar and Odisha, India por Adeeth Cariappa, Ajjikuttira Girish, Khed, Vijayalaxmi, Singaraju, Niyati, Gartaula, Hom N.

“…Women, especially from marginalized communities, face reduced access to digital devices, limited operational skills, and low internet usage for agricultural needs. …”
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The impact of social networks on electric pump adoption and irrigation access in Bangladesh's informal water markets por Deepak Varshney, Banerjee, Anurag, Chakraborty, Shreya, Kishore, Avinash, Manikanta Radhakrishna, Mukherji, Aditi

“…Despite government efforts, adoption rates have remained low (2.5%), especially among small and marginal farmers. Using a "networks within sample" approach, we surveyed 1,225 farmers in 60 villages across Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions of Northwest Bangladesh, gathering information on social interactions among the surveyed farmers within each village. …”
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Urban expansion impact on agriculture: A case study on Hyderabad, India por Nidanampally, Keerthi

“…While the wastewater irrigated agriculture contributes to income security of the marginal groups, it supplements the food basket of many city dwellers. …”
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A guide to investing in collectively held resources por Gnych, Sophia, Lawry, Steven, Monterroso, Iliana, Adhikary, Anukram, McLain, Rebecca

“…Microfinance institutions such as Grameen and FINCA lead the way in financing poor and marginalized groups. Now, however, increasing attention is being given to help investors respect land rights and form equitable partnerships with communities living in rural areas. …”
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Integrating gender in development of participatory forest management plans in Kenya: A 'how to' note por Ombogoh, Douglas B., Mwangi, Esther

“…Although women are more involved in gathering fuelwood, medicinal plants and food, they often have limited rights. They are also marginalized in decision-making processes and access to benefits. …”
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Pay it forward: Impacts of a rural livelihoods program with built-in spillovers por Janzen, Sarah A., Magnan, Nicholas, Sharma, Sudhindra, Thompson, William M.

“…The asset transfer increases program costs, but there is weak evidence suggestive of an independent marginal impact. We observe strong PIF spillover effects, with important implications for cost effectiveness.…”
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Farmer field schools: an alternative to existing extension systems? experience from Eastern and Southern Africa por Anandajayasekeram, P., Davis, Kristin E., Workneh, Sinidu

“…The paper concludes that FFS are not an alternative to existing systems, but that certain principles of FFS could be picked up and incorporated into various systems, including agricultural extension, research, and even health, to make them more effective at reaching small and marginalized farmers and in alleviating poverty and food insecurity.…”
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Evaluating Multidimensional Digital Inclusiveness of Rice Crop Manager Digital Tool: Insights from Indonesia por Singaraju, Niyati, Gakhar, Shalini, Jardinero, Benedict, Pagianti, Tri Selasa, Mendoza, Jared Jorim, Anjana, V

“…Inclusivity concerns persist, with only 68% believing the tool is accessible to marginalized groups. The report highlights the RCM's potential to enhance farming practices but calls for targeted interventions in digital skills, infrastructure, and inclusivity to maximize its impact and adoption…”
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Literature review: A gender analysis of climate-induced productive-water insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa por CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform, Joshi, Deepa

“…Access to water resources for productive uses is fundamental for sustaining livelihoods, food security, and the socioeconomic well-being of marginalized farmers, including women. However, women are particularly vulnerable as they struggle to access and control the water needed for their livelihoods. …”
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