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  1. Using fuzzy logic models to reveal farmers motives to integrate livestock, fish, and crops. by Bosma, R.H.

    Published 2007
    “…Using composed variables for land, water, labour and capital decreased the fuzziness of the inference in this pilot model. …”
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    Tesis
  2. Men and women farmers’ perceptions of adopting improved diets for pigs in Uganda: decision‑making, income allocation, and intra‑household strategies that mitigate relative disadvan... by Carter, Natalie A., Humphries, S., Grace, Delia, Ouma, Emily A., Dewey, Catherine E.

    Published 2017
    “…Contradictory views about the potential impact of diet adoption on labour requirements and feed costs, and the inclusion of seasonal, home-grown ingredients were expressed. …”
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    Journal Article
  3. How do climbing beans fit in farming systems of the eastern highlands of Uganda? Understanding opportunities and constraints at farm level by Ronner, E., Descheemaeker, Katrien K., Marinus, W., Almekinders, Conny J.M., Ebanyat, Peter, Giller, Kenneth E.

    Published 2018
    “…We established current food self-sufficiency, income, investment costs and labour, and assessed the ex-ante, farm-level impact of four climbing bean options on these indicators. …”
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    Journal Article
  4. Banana pest risk assessment along banana trade axes running from low to high altitude sites, in the Eastern DR Congo and in Burundi by Blomme, Guy, Ocimati, Walter, Amato, Serge, Felde, Alexandra zum, Kamira, Muller, Bumba, Mariam, Bahati, Liliane, Amini, Daniel, Ntamwira, Jules Bagula

    Published 2020
    “…Movement of farming tools by labourers and traders, of planting material/suckers and banana bunches emerged as the most common human practices potentially responsible for the spread and/or build-up of banana pests/diseases. …”
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    Journal Article
  5. Assessment of smallholder farmers’ demand for and adoption constraints to small-scale irrigation technologies: Evidence from Ethiopia by Tesfaye, M. Z., Balana, Bedru, Bizimana, J.

    Published 2021
    “…Use of motorized pumps is more efficient and save labour than pulley or rope and washer technologies. …”
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    Journal Article
  6. Strengthening Gender-Responsive Climate-Smart Agriculture in Lesotho by Recha, John W.M., Magagula, Futhi, Sinyangwe, Siwulanji, Kakuwa, Bridget, Zvaita, Justice, Gitau, Angela

    Published 2025
    “…Discussions highlighted that women’s empowerment, labour-saving technologies, access to climate information services, and integration of Indigenous knowledge are pivotal to scaling (climate-smart agriculture) CSA. …”
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    Informe técnico
  7. Dairy farming in Uganda: production efficiency and soil management strategies under different production systems by Baltenweck, Isabelle, Mubiru, S., Nanyeenya, W., Njoroge, L., Halberg, N., Romney, Dannie L., Staal, Steven J.

    Published 2007
    “…Some farmers, having initially adopted more intensive options, have 'extensified/de-intensified'; based on their experiences with labour, feed and management costs, they have reverted to less intensive systems such as relaxation from zero-grazing to semi-intensive and downgrading of high-grade breed categories in other grazing systems. …”
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    Informe técnico
  8. Exploring future changes in smallholder farming systems by linking socio-economic scenarios with regional and household models by Herrero, Mario, Thornton, Philip K., Bernués, A., Baltenweck, Isabelle, Vervoort, Joost M., Steeg, Jeannette van de, Makokha, S., Wijk, Mark T. van, Karanja, S., Rufino, Mariana C., Staal, Steven J.

    Published 2014
    “…Diversification with cash crops is found to be a key intensification strategy as farm size decreases and labour costs increase. Dairy expansion, while important for some trajectories, is mostly viable when land available is not a constraint, mainly due to the need for planting fodders at the expense of cropland areas. …”
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    Journal Article
  9. Carbon sustainability and productivity of maize based cropping system under conservation agriculture practices in Indo-Gangetic plains by Jat SL, Parihar CM, Singh, A.K., Jat, Mangi Lal, Jat, Kumar Raj

    Published 2011
    “…Tillage practices contribute greatly to the labour cost in modern intensive agriculture in any crop production system resulting in lower economic returns, especially in developing countries where there is most concern for sustainable production without degradation of the natural resource base (Jat et al., 2008). …”
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    Conference Paper
  10. Appropriate technologies to replenish soil fertility in Southern Africa by Mafongoya, P.L., Bationo, B. André, Kihara, Job Maguta, Waswa, Boaz Shaban

    Published 2007
    “…Issues such as quality of inputs, nutrient balancing, labour to collect and transport organic inputs and their management need to be optimized. …”
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    Journal Article
  11. Characteristics of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica) dominated fields in West Africa: crops, soil properties, farmer perceptions and management strategies by Chikoye, David, Manyong, Victor M., Ekeleme, F.

    Published 2000
    “…Speargrass was undesirable because it reduces crop yield and quality, limits farm size, causes injury to the skin, increases labour requirement and increases the presence of pathogens and insects of economic crops. …”
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    Journal Article
  12. The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa by Bjornlund, Henning, Zuo, Alec, Wheeler, Sarah Ann, Parry, Karen, Pittock, Jamie, Mdemud, Makarius, Moyo, Martin

    Published 2019
    “…Households make trade-offs between irrigation, dryland, livestock and off-farm work when they allocate their labour resources to maximize household income; as opposed to maximizing the income from any individual component of their livelihood strategy, such as irrigation. …”
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    Journal Article
  13. The diversity of rural livelihoods and their influence on soil fertility in agricultural systems of East Africa – A typology of smallholder farms by Tittonell, Pablo A., Muriuki, A., Shepherd, Keith D., Mugendi, D., Kaizzi, K.C., Okeyo, J., Verchot, Louis V., Coe, R., Vanlauwe, Bernard

    Published 2010
    “…For example, all the households with less than 3 months year-1 of food self-sufficiency had a land:labour ratio (LLR) < 1, and all those with LLR > 1 produced enough food to cover their diet for at least 5 months. …”
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    Journal Article
  14. The Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) for rapid characterisation of households to inform climate smart agriculture interventions: Description and applications in East... by Hammond, James, Fraval, Simon, Etten, Jacob van, Suchini, Jose Gabriel, Mercado, Leida, Pagella, Tim, Frelat, Romain, Lannerstad, Mats, Douxchamps, Sabine, Teufel, Nils, Valbuena, Diego, Wijk, Mark T. van

    Published 2017
    “…On small farms off-farm income needs to be in place before interventions can be promoted successfully, whereas on the larger farms a choice is made between investing labour in off-farm incomes, or investing that labour into the farm, resulting in a negative association between off-farm labour and intensification, market orientation and crop diversity on the larger farms, which is in complete opposition to the associations found for the smaller farms. …”
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    Journal Article
  15. Future prospects for cassava root yield in sub Saharan Africa by Nweke, F., Spencer, D.

    Published 1995
    “…Although fallow periods are becoming shorter, organic manuring, improved market infrastructures and the use of purchased inputs such as labour compensate for this. The yields of improved cassava varieties in Nigeria show that technology can be relied upon to raise production in future, provided that the conditions necessary for the widespread adoption of improved varieties prevail in most African countries.…”
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    Journal Article
  16. Policy actions for building resilience of livestock production under climate change by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Kenya

    Published 2020
    “…The livestock sub-sector further accounts for 30% of total marketed agricultural products and employs 50% of the total agriculture labour force. Cattle and small ruminants are of high importance in Kenya both in terms of human diets and livelihoods, while poultry is growing in importance. …”
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    Brief
  17. The Impact of climate change on agriculture by Thomas, Timothy S.

    Published 2024
    “…Agriculture is an extremely important sector for Africa, providing a large contribution to GDP in most countries and, more importantly, representing a key source of employment in most of the continent—including 52 percent in Africa south of the Sahara in 2022 (International Labour Organization 2024)—while also serving as a bulwark against household food insecurity. …”
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    Book Chapter
  18. Technology Development and the Spread of Direct Seeded Flooded Rice in Southeast Asia by De Datta, S.K.

    Published 1986
    “…Increased labour costs and area under irrigation, the development of modern early-maturing varieties and improved fertilizer and weed management techniques have encouraged many farmers in the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand to switch from transplanted to direct-seeded flooded rice culture. …”
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    Journal Article
  19. Climate Smart Agriculture Rapid Appraisal (CSA-RA): a prioritization tool for outscaling. Step-by-step guidelines. by Mwongera, Caroline, Twyman, Jennifer, Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia, Winowiecki, Leigh Ann, Okolo, Wendy, Läderach, Peter R.D., Ampaire, Edidah L., Asten, Piet J.A. van, Twomlow, Stephen

    Published 2014
    “…This process provides an assessment of key barriers and opportunities to CSA adoption across landscapes by collecting gender-disaggregated data, perceptions of climate variability, resource and labour allocation, as well as economic assessments at the household level. …”
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    Manual

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