Search Results - "foreign exchange"

Macroeconomic change, competitiveness and timber production: a five-country comparison by Wunder, Sven

“…The core hypothesis is that oil booms, foreign borrowing and other major foreign exchange inflows slow down timber harvesting. These inflows cause “Dutch Disease,” depressing the price competitiveness of timber exports and other trade-exposed sectors. …”
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Impact of livestock pricing policies on meat and milk output in selected sub-Saharan African countries by Williams, Timothy O.

“…However, consumers still appear to gain as much as producers in three of the study countries, which negative consequences for foreign exchange earnings and government revenues. The analysis reveals the importance of domestic inflation and exchange rates as key variables for livestock pricing policies and highlights the need to address the macroeconomic imbalances that cause exchange-rate distortions and high domestic inflation at the same time that direct price distortions are being tackled.…”
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Dynamic poverty processes and the role of livestock in Peru by Kristjanson, Patricia M., Krishna, A., Radeny, Maren A.O., Kuan, J., Quilca, G., Sánchez Urrelo, A.

“…Animals are a source of food, more specifically protein for human diets, income, employment and possibly foreign exchange. For low income producers, livestock can serve as a store of wealth, provide draught power and organic fertiliser for crop production and a means of transport. …”
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Malawi’s agrifood system structure and drivers of transformation by Diao, Xinshen, De Weerdt, Joachim, Duchoslav, Jan, Pauw, Karl, Thurlow, James, Ellis, Mia

“…At the core of the failure to resume pre-pandemic economic growth rates are a worsening debt crisis, a balance of payment crisis, an acute shortage of foreign exchange reserves, and several external shocks (World Bank 2022). …”
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Analyzing the effects of the Russian-Ukrainian war on Nigeria’s agrifood systems and policy responses by Asante-Addo, Collins, Mockshell, Jonathan, Ritter, Thea, Andam, Kwaw S.

“…The impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war have exposed the country’s vulnerable agrifood system and weakened the local currency, leading to foreign exchange shortages and high inflation rates. Nigeria has taken some steps to directly respond to the Russia-Ukraine war, including seeking alternative suppliers of grains, approving imports of genetically modified, drought-resistant wheat, and establishing a private fertilizer plant. …”
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Domestic and trade policies affecting the world cotton market by Traoré, Fousseini

“…Yet a closer look at the topic shows that cotton is a major source of cash income for millions of people, particularly in Africa, where it is also a source of foreign exchange earnings for more than 15 countries (Tschirley, Poulton, and Labaste 2009). …”
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Harnessing the sun and wind for economic development?: An economy-wide assessment for Egypt by Al-Riffai, Perrihan, Blohmke, Julian, Breisinger, Clemens, Wiebelt, Manfred

“…While some energy may be exported to generate foreign exchange, a substantial part of the newly produced energy should be sold domestically to ease existing supply constraints and to avoid Dutch disease effects. …”
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Introduction [In The political economy of agricultural policy reform in India] by Birner, Regina, Gupta, Surupa, Sharma, Neeru

“…In the 1960s, food shortages and foreign-exchange shortages led to major political challenges after the United States decided to use food exports as an instrument of foreign policy. …”
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The case of tomato in Ghana: Processing by Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., Kolavalli, Shashidhara

“…For Ghana, improving domestic tomato processing would also reduce the country's dependence on imported tomato paste and so improve foreign exchange reserves, as well as provide employment opportunities and development opportunities in what are poor rural areas of the country. …”
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Oil Palm Economic Benefit Distribution to Regions for Environmental Sustainability: Indonesia’s Revenue-Sharing Scheme by Nurfatriani, F., Ramawati, Sari, G.K., Saputra, W., Komarudin, H.

“…Palm oil is considered a key commodity in supporting the Indonesian economy, generating both domestic revenue and foreign exchange. Such revenue needs to be distributed equally for the benefit of the government and society. …”
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Assessing the impacts of COVID-19 on the coffee value chain in Guatemala: Evidence from coffee growers in the Midwest and East by Hernandez, Manuel A., Ceballos, Francisco, Paz, Cynthia, Berrospi, Maria Lucia

“…Coffee is produced by around 25 million farmers, which are mainly smallholders in developing and least developed countries, and over 70% of the coffee produced is exported, resulting in about 20 billion US dollars annual foreign exchange earnings (ICO, 2020). COVID-19 represented a severe joint supply and demand shock to the global coffee sector, particularly during the first months after the start of the pandemic. …”
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The role of agriculture in the structural transformation of Indonesia by Morley, Samuel, Kennedy, Adam, Pradesha, Angga, Hadiwidjaja, Gracia

“…First, export-oriented agriculture, particularly palm oil and rubber contributed to rising foreign exchange receipts and helped make compatible rapid growth without balance of payments pressure on the macro economy. …”
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Fruit and vegetable value chains in Africa by Aboushady, Nora, Kornher, Lukas, Zaki, Chahir

“…Postcolonial governments focused on cash crops as the main source of foreign exchange earnings, reinforcing the status quo. …”
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Close eye or closed eye: The case of export misinvoicing in Bangladesh by Gupta, Pranav Kumar, Roy, Devesh, Ahmad, Kaikaus

“…After a more careful analysis, however, the positive incentives for under-invoicing can be explained by reasons such as black market premium (BMP) in foreign exchange markets or domestic tax evasion (among other factors). …”
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Impacts of climate change on agriculture and policy options for adaptation: The case of Vietnam by Yu, Bingxin, Zhu, Tingju, Breisinger, Clemens, Hai, Nguyen Manh

“…Agriculture can be extensively affected by climate change, and designing effective adaptation strategies will be critical for maintaining food security, rural employment, and foreign exchange earnings. This paper examines these critical issues and thereby makes two contributions to the literature. …”
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How can African agriculture adapt to climate change: Analysis of the determinants of farmers' choice of adaptation methods and perceptions of climate change in the Nile Basin of Et... by Deressa, Temesgen T., Hassan, Rashid M., Ringler, Claudia, Alemu, Tekie, Yesuf, Mahmud

“…It constitutes more than half of the country's gross domestic product, generates more than 85 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and employs about 80 percent of the population. …”
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Rice policy, trade, and exchange rate changes in Indonesia: a general equilibrium analysis by Robinson, Sherman, El-Said, Moataz, San, Nu Nu

“…This paper presents an agriculture-focused computable general equilibrium model that can be used to analyze the economy-wide impacts of changes in technology, market structure, and the foreign exchange rate on resource allocation, production, and trade in Indonesia. …”
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How can African agriculture adapt to climate change: Analysis of the determinants of farmers' choice of adaptation methods and perceptions of climate change in the Nile Basin of Et... by Deressa, Temesgen T., Hassan, Rashid M., Ringler, Claudia, Alemu, Tekie, Yesuf, Mahmud

“…It constitutes more than half of the country's gross domestic product, generates more than 85 percent of foreign exchange earnings, and employs about 80 percent of the population. …”
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Agriculture and food security by Badiane, Ousmane

“…Country fiscal and external trade balances have shown similarly remarkable improvements, as foreign exchange reserves as a share of GDP continued to rise and budgetary deficits fell. …”
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Timber management and related policies: a review by Resosudarmo, I.A.P.

“…The forests of Indonesia have been a major source of foreign exchange and have provided substantial employment opportunities. …”
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