Resultados de búsqueda - "Decadence"

The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century por Fowler, D., Coyle, M., Skiba, U., Sutton, M.A., Cape, J.N., Reis, S., Sheppard, L.J., Jenkins, A., Grizetti, B., Galloway, J.N., Vitousek, P., Leach, A., Bouwman, A.F., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dentener, F., Stevenson, D., Amann, Markus, Voss, M.l.

“…The lifetime of Nr in the atmosphere, with the exception of N2O, is only a few weeks, while in terrestrial ecosystems, with the exception of peatlands (where it can be 102–103 years), the lifetime is a few decades. In the ocean, the lifetime of Nr is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N2O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of Nr from which it is produced.…”
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Informal sector employment, food security and vulnerability of households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia por Seleshi, S., Alemu, B.A., Hanjra, Munir A.

“…People across Africa are urbanizing and cities act as magnets that attract poor migrants from rural areas, looking for employment and better life. During the last few decades, the informal sector has been growing fast in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia due to the influx of many young workers into the sector who come from rural areas of the country with the expectation of a better life in the city. …”
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Adapting to climate change: agricultural system and household impacts in East Africa por Thornton, Philip K., Jones, Peter G., Alagarswamy, G., Andresen, J., Herrero, Mario

“…In the other mixed systems, moderate yield losses can be expected to be offset by crop breeding and agronomic approaches in the coming decades, while more severe yield losses may necessitate changes in crop types, movement to more livestock-orientated production, or abandonment of cropping altogether. …”
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Field and laboratory experiments to investigate infiltration processes and clogging effects from a ponding recharge system at Ban Nong Na, Bangrakum District, Phitsanulok Province,... por Nadee, S., Srisuk, K., Sarapirom, P., Pavelic, Paul, Uppasit, S.

“…The shallow groundwater in this area has been heavily pumped for growing rice all year round, and within the past decade static water levels within the gravel, sand and silt aquifers have decreased to a depth of up to ten meters below the ground surface. …”
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International waters: Identifying basins at risk por Wolf, Aaron T., Yoffe, Shira B., Giordano, Mark

“…The study is divided into three components:Compilation and assessment of relevant biophysical, socio-economic and geopolitical data in a global Geographic Information System (GIS), and use of these factors to determine history-based indicators for future tensions along international waterways.Using these indicators, identification of basins at risk for the coming decade.Identification and assessment of the potential for mitigating factors and new technologies resulting in a future different than that predicted by history-based indicators.In general, we find that most of the parameters regularly identified as indicators of water conflict are actually only weakly linked to disputes, but that institutional capacity within a basin, whether defined as water management bodies or treaties, or generally positive international relations are as important, if not more so, than the physical aspects of a system. …”
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Understanding the impact and adoption of conservation agriculture in Africa: a multi-scale analysis por Corbeels, Marc, Graaff, Jan de, Hycenth Ndah, Tim, Penot, Eric, Baudron, Frédéric, Naudin, Krishna, Andrieu, Nadine, Chirat, Guillaume, Schuler, Johannes, Nyagumbo, Isaiah, Rusinamhodzi, Leonard, Traoré, Karim, Dulla Mzoba, Hamisi, Solomon Adolwa, Ivan

“…Success with adopting CA on farms in Africa has been limited, despite more than two decades of research and development investments. Through analyzing past and on-going CA experiences in a set of case studies, this paper seeks to better understand the reasons for the limited adoption of CA and to assess where, when and for whom CA works best. …”
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Integrative science in practice : Process perspectives from ASB, the partnership for the tropical forest margins por Tomich, Thomas P., Timmer, D.W., Velarde, S.J., Alegre Orihuela, JC, Areskoug, V., Cash, D.W., Cattaneo, Andrea, Ericksen, Polly J., Joshi, L., Kasyoki, J, Legg, C., Locatelli, M., Murdiyarso, Daniel, Palm, Cheryl A., Porro, R., Rescia Perazzo, A, Salazar Vega, A, Noordwijk, Meine van, Weise, Stephan F., White, D.

“…ASB, the Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, is a decade-old, complex, multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary, multi-site research and development consortium. …”
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Towards an inventory of methane emissions from manure management that is responsive to changes on Canadian farms por VanderZaag AC, MacDonald JD, Evans, L., Verge XPC, Desjardins, R.L.

“…To address this, we re-analyzed four farm management surveys from the past decade and quantified the significant change in manure management which can be linked to the annual agricultural survey to create a continuous time series. …”
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Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua por Gourdji, Sharon, Läderach, Peter R.D., Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac, Zelaya Martinez, Carlos, Lobell, David B.

“…At an annual, national scale, beans have been more affected by climate trends since 1970 than maize, with −5% yield declines per decade on harvested area for bean and −4% for maize, and −12% and −7% yield declines respectively on sown area (with the alternative model showing gains for maize). …”
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Opportunities from second-generation biofuel technologies for upgrading lignocellulosic biomass for livestock feed por Blümmel, Michael, Steele, B., Dale, B.E.

“…This work has attracted US dollar multi-billion investment during the last two decades. It may be feasible to utilize spin-offs from second-generation biofuel technologies to upgrade lignocellulosic biomass for animal feeding, particularly combinations of pretreatment approaches that render the hemicellulose, pectins and celluloses more accessible to enzymes, and enzymes applications. …”
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Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests por Graudal, Lars, Aravanopoulos, F., Bennadji, Z., Changtragoon, S., Fady, B., Kjær, E.D., Loo, J., Ramamonjisoa, L., Vendramin, Giovanni Giuseppe

“…To monitor this trend, international policy processes have created a wealth of indicators over the last two decades. However, genetic diversity indicators are regrettably absent from comprehensive bio-monitoring schemes. …”
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Natural resource integrity: A resilient community on the degraded slopes of Mount Elgon takes on mending its broken landscape por Otiende, V.A., Bourne, M., Tanui, J., Mowo, J.

“…By building on the innovation skills of the community, by helping it address local challenges and by empowering the women of the community to manage their natural resources in sustainable ways, the platform has helped to restore much of what has been lost in recent decades. Before the platform was established, crops, properties, infrastructure and even lives were regularly destroyed. …”
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Effects of traditional soil management practices on the nutrient status in Sahelian sandy soils of Niger, West Africa por Suzuki, K., Matsunaga, R., Hayashi, K., Matsumoto, N., Tabo, Ramadjita, Tobita, S., Okada, Kensuke

“…As the indicator of available N, phosphate buffer extractable organic nitrogen (PEON) was employed.Total N was significantly higher in thefields adjacent to houses (H) and suburbanfields where FYM had been ap-plied for 10 years (FYM10) or 5 years (FYM5), compared with that in the no-treatmentfields (NT) which had re-ceived no organic matter (OM) and chemical fertilizer for several decades. FYM10, H, and reserved fallows (RF)showedsignificantlyhigher levelsofPEONthan ofNT. …”
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Genetic gains from selection for high grain yield and Striga resistance in early maturing maize cultivars of three breeding periods under Stigainfested and Strigafree environments por Badu-Apraku, Baffour, Yallou, C., Oyekunle, M.

“…Substantial progress has been made in breeding for high yielding, Striga resistant/tolerant cultivars during the past three decades.…”
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Replication Data for: Historical climate trends, deforestation, and maize and bean yields in Nicaragua por Gourdji, Sharon, Läderach, Peter R.D., Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac, Zelaya Martinez, Carlos, Lobell, David B.

“…At an annual, national scale, beans have been more affected by climate trends since 1970 than maize, with -5% yield declines per decade on harvested area for bean and -4% for maize, and -12% and -7% yield declines respectively on sown area(with the alternative model showing gains for maize). …”
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Guidelines for wetlands ecosystems valuation in the Nile basin por CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems

“…In Mara wetland, Tanzania, economic valuation of ES derived from the wetland remains limited despite the fact that the wetland has been expanding landward over the last five decades. This study reviewed different economic valuation tools used in estimating economic values of wetlands, their limitations and selected the appropriate methods applicable in the case of the Mara wetland. …”
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The impact of adoption of conservation agriculture on smallholder farmers’ food security in semi-arid zones of southern Africa por Mango, Nelson, Siziba, Shephard, Makate, Clifton

“…BACKGROUND In southern Africa, conservation agriculture (CA) has received a lot of research and promotional support from various organizations in the past decades. Conservation agriculture is largely promoted as one of the few win–win technologies affordable to farmers, in the sense that potentially it improves farmers’ yields (in the long term) at the same time conserving the environment. …”
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Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Brazilian's Cerrado and in soybean under conservation and conventional tillage por Pontes, J.S., Oehl, F., Pereira, C.D., Machado, C.T., Coyne, Danny L., Silva, D.K. da, Maia, L.C.

“…However, over recent decades the area has increasingly been converted to intensive agricultural ecosystems, primarily for soybean production. …”
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Towards commercial agriculture in Rwanda: Understanding the determinants of market participation among smallholder bean farmers por Ingabire, C., Mshenga, M.P., Langat, K., Bigler, C., Musoni, Augustine, Butare, L., Birachi, Eliud Abucheli

“…In Rwanda, this transformation has focused on shifting subsistence – based production to market - oriented farming. Over the last one decade and a half, major emphasis has been placed on the intensification of production systems, promotion of farmers’ cooperatives, and enhancement of farmers’ access to markets. …”
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Workshop on index based flood insurance: Testing business model in agricultural risk management por International Water Management Institute

“…However, over the last few decades, evidence has emerged that a broader approach through planning, building regulation and early warning systems can significantly reduce flood losses. …”
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