Resultados de búsqueda - "Decadence"

Genomic tools in cowpea breeding programs: status and perspectives por Boukar, O., Fatokun, C.A., Huynh, B., Roberts, P.A., Close, T.J.

“…Some progress has been made through conventional breeding at international and national research institutions in the last three decades. Cowpea improvement could also benefit from modern breeding methods based on molecular genetic tools. …”
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An integrated approach to assess the dynamics of a peri-urban watershed influenced by wastewater irrigation por Jampani, Mahesh, Amerasinghe, Priyanie H., Pavelic, Paul

“…This integrated approach showed that the change in the total irrigated area was marginal over the decade, whereas the built-up area within the watershed boundaries doubled and there was a distinct shift in cropping patterns from paddy rice to paragrass and leafy vegetables. …”
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Village Baseline Study: Site Analysis Report for Tra Hat Village, Vinh Loi, Bac Lieu, Viet Nam (VNM 03) por Truc, Ngo Thi Thanh, Phong, Ngo Dang, Nguyen, Thanh Binh, Chi, Truong Thi Ngoc, Duong, Le Minh, Yen, B.T., Ferrer, Alice J.

“…The quality, however, of land, water and wildlife habitats has declined in the last decade along with the improvement of farming techniques and intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. …”
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The untapped potential of cassava as a food security and industrial crop in eastern and southern Africa: a case study of Madagascar, Tanzania and Zambia por Abass, A., Mbabaali, S., Cromme, N.

“…Cassava sub-sectors in Eastern and Southern Africa have been neglected for several decades by all concerned sectors. However, experience from other parts of the world suggests that the crop is versatile and that its commercialization could lead to several benefits including food security, industrial uses, income generation, and others. …”
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Engaging research with policy and action: what are the challenges of responding to zoonotic disease in Africa? por Bardosh, K.L., Scoones, J.C., Grace, Delia, Kalema-Zikusoka, G., Jones, K.E., Balogh, K. de, Waltner-Toews, D., Bett, Bernard K., Welburn, S.C., Mumford, E., Dzingirai, V.

“…Zoonotic diseases will maintain a high level of public policy attention in the coming decades. From the spectre of a global pandemic to anxieties over agricultural change, urbanization, social inequality and threats to natural ecosystems, effectively preparing and responding to endemic and emerging diseases will require technological, institutional and social innovation. …”
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Is voluntary certification of tropical agricultural commodities achieving sustainability goals for small-scale producers? A review of the evidence por DeFries, Ruth S., Fanzo, J., Mondal, P., Remans, R., Wood, S.A.

“…Over the last several decades, voluntary certification programs have become a key approach to promote sustainable supply chains for agricultural commodities. …”
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The accuracy of farmer-generated data in an agricultural citizen science methodology por Steinke, J., Etten, Jacob van, Mejia Zelan, P.

“…Over the last decades, participatory approaches involving on-farm experimentation have become more prevalent in agricultural research. …”
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Breeding peanut for resistance to aflatoxin contamination at ICRISAT por Nigam, S., Waliyar, Farid, Aruna, R., Reddy, S., Kumar, P. Lava, Craufurd, Peter Q., Diallo, A., Ntare, B.R., Upadhyaya, Hari D.

“…Breeding for aflatoxin resistancehas been a contentious issue in peanut for nearlyfour decades since the first report of hostresistance to aflatoxin production byA. flavus.Despite global efforts, progress in aflatoxinresistance breeding has been limited due to thelow level of resistance to different components ofresistance (preharvest seed infection and aflatoxinproduction, andin vitroseed colonization byA.flavus), their variable performance due to highG3E interaction, lack of reliable screeningprotocols, and limited understanding of geneticsof resistance. …”
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Estimating smallholder opportunity costs of REDD+: A pantropical analysis from households to carbon and back por Ickowitz, A., Sills, E.O., Sassi, Claudio de

“…In the early days of REDD+, such costs for tropical smallholders were believed to be quite low, but this has increasingly been questioned. A decade after the concept was proposed, direct payments to forest stakeholders remain rare, while concerns about safeguarding livelihoods are increasing. …”
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Regulating forestry: experience with compliance and enforcement over the 25 years of Tasmania's forest practices system por Wilkinson, G.R, Schofield, M, Kanowski, P.

“…Tasmania's forest practices system, one of the most prescriptive globally and the most comprehensive in Australia, has evolved over the last 25 years in response to public demands for high standards of governance, accountability and transparency of forest regulation on both public and private lands.The system was developed in the context of strong contestation, in Tasmanian and Australian civil society and politics, about appropriate forest policies and practices in Tasmania.The system is governed by a Forest Practices Act, which provides for a co-regulatory approach administered by an independent statutory body, the Forest Practices Authority.All forest operations must be undertaken in accordance with a certified forest practices plan, prepared and certified by accredited Forest Practices Officers employed by forest managers.These co-regulatory components of the system are supported by independent monitoring and enforcement by the Forest Practices Authority.This paper describes the genesis and evolution of the Tasmanian forest practices system, and summarises the range of measures employed to foster high levels of compliance, with an emphasis on training and education, self-monitoring and reporting by the industry, independent monitoring by the Forest Practices Authority, and corrective actions, backed by enforcement provisions.Compliance monitoring over 27 years demonstrates rapid improvement in the decade following establishment of the system, with consistently high levels of achievement subsequently.However, larger corporate forest managers consistently achieve higher rates of compliance than do small-scale forest owners, and redressing this imbalance has been a recurrent theme in Tasmania's forest practices system.Experience of implementation of Tasmania's forest practices system suggests that well-designed and implemented co-regulatory approaches, with high levels of transparency, can be effective in delivery of good technical standards of forest practices and high levels of compliance.However, these will not in themselves mitigate public concern about forest management practices unless the policies governing those practices have broad support in civil society.…”
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Anthropogenic Decline of Ecosystem Services Threatens the Integrity of the Unique Hyrcanian (Caspian) Forests in Northern Iran por Zarandian, A., Baral, H., Yavari, A.R., Jafari, H.R., Stork, N.E., Ling, M.A., Amirnejad, H.

“…Although food production and recreation have greatly increased in recent decades, the other services, in particular timber production, biodiversity, and water purification and supply are being gradually lost. …”
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Comparing methods for assessing the effectiveness of subnational REDD+ initiatives por Bos, A.B., Duchelle, Amy E., Angelsen, A., Avitabile, Valerio, Sy, Veronique de, Herold, Martin, Joseph, S., Sassi, Claudio de, Sills, E.O., Sunderlin, William D., Wunder, Sven

“…The central role of forests in climate change mitigation, as recognized in the Paris agreement, makes it increasingly important to develop and test methods for monitoring and evaluating the carbon effectiveness of REDD+. Over the last decade, hundreds of subnational REDD+ initiatives have emerged, presenting an opportunity to pilot and compare different approaches to quantifying impacts on carbon emissions. …”
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Carbon accumulation of tropical peatlands over millennia: a modeling approach por Kurnianto, S., Warren, M., Talbot, J., Kauffman, J.B., Murdiyarso, Daniel, Frolking, S.

“…Over the past several decades, tropical peatlands have experienced high rates of deforestation and conversion, which is often associated with lowering the water table and peat burning, releasing large amounts of carbon stored in peat to the atmosphere. …”
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Forage legumes for soil productivity enhancement and quality fodder production por Odunze, A.C., Tarawali, Shirley A., Haan, Nicoline C. de, Akoueguon, E., Amadji, A.F., Schultze-Kraft, Rainer, Bawa, G.S.

“…Also, for farming systems in the subhumid zone of West Africa, nitrogen is generally the most limiting nutrient for crop production, and this problem has been compounded in recent decades by the difficulties faced by farmers in obtaining N fertilizers. …”
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Development and regional deployment of streak virus resistant maize germplasm: an overview por Fakorede, M.A.B., Fajemisin, J., Ladipo, J., Ajala, S., Kim, S.K.

“…All maize varieties released in WCA countries in the last two decades are streak resistant. The payoff from these efforts is that MSV is no longer a serious threat to maize production in WCA. …”
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Geographic variation in growing season rainfall por Amissah-Arthur, A.A., Jagtap, S.S.

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Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands in Semiarid and Subhumid Ecologies in India por Singh, Virendra Pal, Verchot, Louis V., Martius, C., Nayak, D., Rizvi, J.

“…The impact of rehabilitation efforts on soil chemical properties in both ecologies has been negligible during a decade or more of the rehabilitation efforts in this study. …”
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Modelling strategies for assessing and increasing the effectiveness of new phenotyping techniques in plant breeding por Eeuwijk, Fred A. van, Bustos-Korts, D., Millet, Emilie J., Boer, M., Kruijer, W., Thompson, A., Malosetti, M., Iwata, H., Quiróz, R., Kuppe, C., Muller, O., Blazakis, K.N., Yu, K., Tardieu, François, Chapman, S.

“…G2P models predict phenotypic traits as functions of genotypic and environmental inputs. In the last decade, access to high-density single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) and sequence information has boosted the development of a class of G2P models called genomic prediction models that predict phenotypes from genome wide marker profiles. …”
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The relevance of methane emissions from beef production and the challenges of the Argentinean beef production platform por Rearte, Daniel Horacio, Pordomingo, Anibal

“…In Argentina, the livestock area was reduced in favor of increasing the grain cropping area, which took place in the last two decades. Production systems were intensified to maintain cattle stock. …”
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Argentina’s local crop biotechnology developments: why have they not reached the market yet? por Lewi, Dalia Marcela, Vicien, Carmen

“…Plant biotechnology in Argentina started at the end of the 1980s, leading to the development of numerous research groups in public institutions and, a decade later, to some local private initiatives. The numerous scientific and technological capacities existing in the country allowed the early constitution in 1991 of a sound genetically modified organisms biosafety regulatory system. …”
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