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Agricultural transformation in Nepal: Trends, prospects, and policy options por Thapa, Ganesh, Kumar, Anjani, Joshi, Pramod Kumar

“…Table of Contents: 1 Introduction Part I Macro-issues in Agriculture 2 Structural Transformation and Growth: Whither Agriculture in Nepal 3 The Role of Agriculture in Poverty Reduction in Nepal 4 Household Food Expenditure, Dietary Diversity, and Child Nutrition in Nepal 5 Food Inflation in Nepal and Its Implications 6 Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Sector of Nepal: Implications for Adaptation and Resilience Building Part II Productivity Growth and Its Drivers 7 Food Demand System and Projections to 2035: Nepal 8 Seed Sector Development in Nepal: Opportunities and Options for Improvement 9 Use of Chemical Fertilizers in Nepal-Issues and Implications 10 Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal-Patterns, Impacts, and Enabling Strategies for Promotion 11 Agricultural Research and Extension System in Nepal: An Organizational Review Part III Agricultural Diversification 12 Agricultural Diversification in Nepal 13 Non-timber Forest Products (NTFP) and Agro-forestry Subsectors: Potential for Growth and Contribution in Agriculture Development 14 Impact of Migration and Remittances on Agriculture: A Micro-Macro-analysis Part IV Agricultural Trade and Marketing 15 Trends, Structure and Drivers of Nepal’s Agricultural Trade 16 Agricultural Marketing and High-Value Chains: Enhanced Role for Private Sector Towards Value Chain Integration Part V Agricultural Trade and Marketing 17 Agrarian Relations, Institutions, and Land Reform in Nepal 18 Agricultural Credit and Insurance in Nepal: Coverage, Issues, and Opportunities 19 Nepal’s Changing Governance Structure and Implications for Agricultural Development Part VI The Policy Agenda 20 Concluding Chapter: The Policy Agenda…”
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Integrated Application of Organic and Blended Mineral Fertilizers Improves Potato Productivity and Income for Smallholder Farmers in Acidic Soils por Girma, T., Biazin, B., Beyene, S., Lemaga, B.

“…Six treatments: 1) Control (without fertilizer), 2) sole application of the recommended NP (RNP) fertilizer (11 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha P), 3) sole FYM (28.8 t/ha FYM), 4) half dose of recommended NP fertilizer and half dose of the FYM, 5) blended fertilizer formulated as 17.3 kg N, 34.7 kg P2O5, 7.41 kg S, 2.23 kg Zn, 0.3 kg B + 100 kg/ha), and 6) half blended and half FYM, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that potato plants amended with sole blended fertilizer, and integrated FYM and mineral fertilizers doubled fresh tuber yield as compared to the control. …”
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Is silicon beneficial for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)? por Barhebwa, F., Li, Z., Bragad, C., Vanlauwe, B., Delvaux, B.

“…Structural equation modelling showed that leaf Si mineralomass was an important predictor of yield, with a direct contribution of 45%. Silicon accumulation mitigated the altitude-mediated incidence of cassava mosaic disease (25%), notably through enhancing micronutrient uptake, while it could contribute to the plant tolerance to soil acidity. …”
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Response of four indigenous cattle breeds to natural tsetse and trypanosomosis challenge in the Ghibe valley of Ethiopia por Lemecha, H., Mulatu, W., Hussein, I., Rege, J.E.O., Tekle, T., Abdicho, S., Ayalew, W.

“…A comparative study on the response of four indigenous cattle breeds of Ethiopia, namely Abigar, Horro, Sheko and Gurage, to natural challenge of trypanosomosis in the Tolley–Gullele area of the Ghibe valley has been undertaken from August 2000 until August 2004. …”
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Utilization of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and its linkages with undernutrition in India por Singh, Shri K, Chauhan, Alka, Alderman, Harold, Avula, Rasmi, Dwivedi, Laxmi K, Kapoor, Rati, Meher, Trupti, Menon, Purnima, Nguyen, Phuong Hong, Pedgaonker, Sarang, Puri, Parul, Chakrabarti, Suman

“…Results from decomposition of DID models suggest that improvements in ICDS explained 9%-12% of the observed reduction in underweight children between 2016 and 2021, suggesting that ICDS made a modest but meaningful contribution in addressing undernutrition among children aged 6-59 months in this period.…”
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Assessing the contribution of PIM to strengthening the capacity of developing country representatives to represent their interests in trade negotiations related to agriculture por Bouët, Antoine, Calvo, Facundo, Glauber, Joseph W., Laborde Debucquet, David, Martin, Will, Parent, Marie, Piñeiro, Valeria, Traoré, Fousseini

“…Areas for prioritization include evaluation of policy changes proposed by policymakers or proactively investigated by the PIM trade team (e.g., reduction in domestic support, lowering tariffs), a trade and nutrition database, work on trade and greenhouse gas emissions, future AATM editions, improving data on trade flows, analysis of impactful events such as COVID-19 and large-scale droughts on world markets and value chains, work on the future of trade multilateralism, research on global value chains and non-tariff measures, and research on advancing value chains for competitiveness and economic development.…”
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IFPRI key facts series: Key facts sheet on agricultural commercialization por International Food Policy Research Institute

“…Farming households in the Southern region are much less likely to sell the maize they produce than households in the other two regions. A slightly greater share of the maize consumed by Malawian households is purchased rather than own-produced. …”
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Comparative study of production and profitability of strains of Nile tilapia for small scale commercial cage farming por Babe, M., Agyakwah, S. K., Amevenku, F. K., Mensah, E. T-D., Asmah, Ruby, Ragasa, Catherine, Trong, Q. T.

“…The study compared growth performance and economic characteristics of three strains (Akosombo generation 11, Huawei and Fish Reit) of Nile tilapia in cages under small-scale commercial farm management practice. A total of six cages were each stocked at 32 fish/m3 with 4,200 fingerlings at stocking size of 2.00 ± 1.09 g. …”
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Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries: Background study por Takeshima, Hiroyuki, Vos, Rob

“…The new FAO-IFPRI study provides a rigorous quantitative assessment for seven developing countries in Asia (India, Nepal and Viet Nam) and sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) based on comparable farm household survey data.…”
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Hierarchical modelling of small-scale irrigation: Constraints and opportunities for adoption in sub-Saharan Africa por Haile, Beliyou, Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework, Choufani, Jowel, Ringler, Claudia, Bryan, Elizabeth

“…We document significant cross-country variation in adoption patterns and find a positive association between plot-level use of SSI and the intensity of agricultural labor and inorganic fertilizers applied on the plot. …”
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Spousal concordance in joint and separate households: Survey evidence from Nepal por Ambler, Kate, Doss, Cheryl R., Kieran, Caitlin, Passarelli, Simone

“…The levels of concordance in responses to questions about who owns assets and makes decisions in a household may hold valuable information about household dynamics and women’s well-being. …”
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Food price spikes temporary, inflation likely to fall in 2022 por Glauber, Joseph W., Smith, Vincent H.

“…So, it is important to understand what has happened to both consumer and farm gate prices over the past 24 months and place those shifts in a broader historical context. Most economists understand that price increases are driven by supply shocks, including supply-chain disruptions, and increases in the overall (aggregate) demand for all goods and services, fueled often by low interest rates (expansionary monetary policy) and, typically only in the short run, increases in public spending. …”
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Nature of employment and outcomes for urban labor: Evidence from the latest labor force surveys in India por Roy, Devesh, Saroj, Sunil, Pradhan, Mamata

“…In the urban labor force of nearly 100 million, half of the workers engage in regular wage/salaried employment including in short-term contracts, yet a large number are either self-employed or work as casual labor. …”
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African domestic supply booms in value chains of fruits, vegetables, and animal products fueled by spontaneous clusters of SMEs por Reardon, Thomas, Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O., Belton, Ben, Dolislager, Michael, Minten, Bart, Popkin, Barry, Vos, Rob

“…Yet, in this paper, we show that despite these problems, there is a lot of dynamism in demand and supply of these nutrient-dense products in Africa: (1) macro evidence of “domestic supply booms"—with supply growing as fast as or faster than in Asia and Latin America; (2) only 2–4% of FV, and 10% of AP consumption in Africa is imported, and only about 1–2% of the output of FV and AP is exported: the supply booms have thus been overwhelming domestically sourced, not imported; (3) micro evidence of substantial shares of consumption of FV and AP in total food consumption, similar to Asia's; (4) evidence of rapid development of spontaneous clusters of farms and off-farm SMEs (output wholesalers, logistics, processors, and agro-dealers supporting farmers). …”
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Impacts of agricultural producer support on climate and nutrition outcomes with special emphasis on Latin America and the Caribbean por Glauber, Joseph W., Laborde Debucquet, David, Piñeiro, Valeria

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Incidence correction factors for moderate and severe acute child malnutrition from two longitudinal cohorts in Mali and Burkina Faso por Barba, Francisco M., Huybregts, Lieven, Leroy, Jef L.

“…We compared K estimates using a complete (weight-for-length z score, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), edema) and partial (MUAC, edema) definition of SAM and MAM. …”
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Spatial spillover and COVID-19 spread in the U.S. por Ulimwengu, John M., Kibonge, Aziza

“…This not only validates social distancing as a strategy to contain the spread of the pandemic but also calls for comprehensive and coordinated approach to fight its effects. …”
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Post-harvest losses in rural-urban value chains: Evidence from Ethiopia por Minten, Bart, Tamru, Seneshaw, Reardon, Thomas

“…The further expected expansion of modern retail in these settings should therefore likely lead to a lowering of PHL in food value chains, at least at the retail level.…”
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Women’s empowerment and gender equality in agricultural value chains: Evidence from four countries in Asia and Africa por Quisumbing, Agnes R., Heckert, Jessica, Faas, Simone, Ramani, Gayathri V., Raghunathan, Kalyani, Malapit, Hazel J., The pro-WEAI for Market Inclusion Study Team, Myers, Emily, Ragasa, Catherine, Seymour, Greg

“…We use primary data collected in Asia (Bangladesh, Philippines) and Africa (Benin, Malawi) to examine the relationships between women’s empowerment, gender equality, and participation in a variety of local agricultural value chains that comprise the food system. …”
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Nobody left behind? Equity and the drivers of stunting reduction in Vietnamese ethnic minority populations por Harris, Jody, Huynh, Phuong, Nguyen, Hoa T., Hoang, Nga, Tran, Lan Mai, Tuyen, Le Danh, Nguyen, Phuong Hong

“…Despite multiple actors involved in change and a large set of policies designed to address inequities, many among Vietnam’s defined ethnic minority groups are not finding themselves able to effectively engage with central government plans for their communities, and central policies often do not consider their preferences or limitations. …”
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