Resultados de búsqueda - Labor contract.

On the dominance of land tenancy over permanent labor contract in agrarian economies por Chuma, Hiroyuki, Otsuka, Keiro, Hayami, Yujiro

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Nature of employment and outcomes for urban labor: Evidence from the latest labor force surveys in India por Roy, Devesh, Saroj, Sunil, Pradhan, Mamata

“…Given its size and level of income, India faces unique challenges in the labor market. In the urban labor force of nearly 100 million, half of the workers engage in regular wage/salaried employment including in short-term contracts, yet a large number are either self-employed or work as casual labor. …”
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Cooperatives, contract farming, and farm size: The case of tomato producers in Nepal por Mishra, Ashok K., Kumar, Anjani, Joshi, Pramod Kumar, D'Souza, Alwin

“…However, large farms (>0.85 ha) with contracts employ significantly less hired labor per hectare. …”
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Production risks, risk preference and contract farming: Impact on food security in India por Mishra, Ashok K., Kumar, Anjani, Joshi, Pramod Kumar, D'Souza, Alwin

“…This article reviews the literature on contract farming (CF) in India and assesses the impact of smallholders’ perceived production risks on the adoption of CF; the impact of CF on smallholders’ food security; and its impact on employment generation in their farming enterprises. …”
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Impact of contract farming on income: Linking small farmers, packers, and supermarket in China por Miyata, Sachiko, Minot, Nicholas, Hu, Dinghuan

“…Furthermore, using a Heckman selection-correction model to control for possible selection bias, we find that contract farmers earn significantly more than independent farmers after controlling for household labor availability, education, farm size, and other characteristics. …”
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Labor Market and Wage Impacts of HIV/AIDS in Rural Malawi por Dorward, Andrew R., Mwale, Idrissa

“…These are difficult to study, but unskilled wages and food prices are critically important to the welfare of poor people, whether directly affected by HIV/AIDS or not: If the HIV/AIDS epidemic depresses labor demands more than it contracts labor supply, this could lower wage rates in affected communities, damaging the livelihoods of poor households. …”
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Contracting and gender equity in Tanzania: using a value chain approach to understand the role of gender in organic spice certification por Bullock, Renee, Gyau, A., Mithoefer, D., Swisher, M.

“…We describe intra-household decision making over resources and marketing, access to benefits of contracting, and labor distribution between men and women in contracting and non-contracting households. …”
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Bangladeshi women’s experiences and vulnerabilities in Jordan’s garment sector por Nassif, Gabriella, Bhuiyan, Muhammad Mahbubul, Zahir, Md, Abdulrahim, Sawsan, Ringler, Claudia

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Climate change, transformative adaptation options, multiscale polycentric governance, and rural welfare in the Oum Er Rbia Basin, Morocco: empirical evaluation with policy implicat... por Saleth, Rathinasamy Maria, Amarasinghe, Upali A., Amarnath, Giriraj, Ait El Mekki, Abdelkader, Seelanatha, Kaushika, Brouziyne, Youssef

“…The framework linked 22 MPG elements and 30 impact transmission domains to three TAOs—conversion to high-value tree crops, contract farming/public–private partnerships, and drip irrigation modernization— and rural welfare through a system of 30 recursive equations. …”
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Land lease markets and agricultural efficiency: theory and evidence from Ethiopia por Pender, John L., Fafchamps, Marcel

“…We show that sharecropping is the dominant contract if transaction costs are negligible, but that a rental contract may arise if transaction costs decrease with increasing the tenant s share of output. …”
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Philippines, Smallholder Livestock Production Dataset, 2000-2001 por International Food Policy Research Institute

“…The sampled smallholders are household-based backyard growers (who use their own capital and family labor) and/or semi-commercial growers (who employ hired labor and use external financing for livestock production) holding an inventory ranging up to 300 head of hogs at any given period. …”
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Have Chinese firms become smaller? If so, why? por Yang, Qiming, Zhang, Xiaobo, Zhu, Wu

“…In this paper, we develop a structural dynamic model with heterogeneous workers to study the relative contributions of three factors to declining firm size: rising real wages, implementation of minimum wages, and the introduction of a new national labor contract law. While rising wages make a sizeable contribution, we find that the new labor law plays a dominant role in solving the puzzle. …”
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Spillovers from high-value export agriculture on land use in developing countries: evidence from Madagascar por Minten, Bart, Randrianarison, Laila, Swinnen, Johan

“…This increase in yields is linked to an increase of soil fertility due to the application of fertilizer and compost, which farmers did not use prior to the contracts. Although agricultural output goes up significantly, labor productivity stays the same, suggesting that there is greater labor absorption on existing land and the diffusion of this type of technology at a larger scale throughout Madagascar would be expected to substantially decrease incentives to deforest by increasing wages and to boost productivity of existing lands relative to newly deforested ones.…”
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Land lease markets and agricultural efficiency: theory and evidence from Ethiopia por Pender, John L., Fafchamps, Marcel

“…This paper develops a theoretical model of land leasing that includes transaction costs of enforcing labor effort, risk pooling motives and non-tradable productive inputs. …”
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Evolution of agricultural mechanization in Thailand por Cramb, Rob, Thepent, Viboon

“…It is argued that rapid mechanization resulted from the conjuncture of several key elements from the 1960s to the 1990s—the dominance of smallholders in the landscape, cultivating rice and field crops for both domestic and export markets; dramatic demographic changes, contributing to a growing scarcity of agricultural labor; a boom in manufacturing, drawing labor out of farming; the development of infrastructure, facilitating agricultural commercialization and labor mobility; a technological and business environment encouraging competition among small and medium firms to develop suitable and affordable machines for farmers; and a policy environment broadly supportive of smallholder agriculture, agribusiness, industrial development, and trade. …”
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Feed the Future Zimbabwe mechanization and extension activity FY 2025 Quarter One Report: October 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024 por International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

“…The FY2 annual report outlines key achievements by the Mechanization Activity in its quest to improve smallholder farmers' land and labor productivity and income and reduce drudgery through mechanization. …”
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Emerging medium-scale tenant farming, gig economies, and the COVID-19 disruption: Evidence from commercial vegetable clusters in Ethiopia por Minten, Bart, Mohammed, Belay, Tamru, Seneshaw

“…Supporting that “quiet revolution” has been an inflow of migrant laborers – paid through daily, monthly, or piecemeal contracts, with few employment benefits attached to them – and a gig economy as widely-used contractors organize, among others, mechanized land preparation, the digging of wells and ponds, seedling propagation, and loading of trucks. …”
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Taxation policy and gender employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia por Fofana, Ismaël, Corong, Erwin, Chatti, Rim, Bouazouni, Omar

“…The analysis reveals that indirect taxes, in particular import duties, are biased for female employment in Algeria and Egypt, but not in Morocco and Tunisia. Female labor–intensive industries in Algeria and Egypt are highly protected in the benchmark and are not competitive internationally so that removing protection would increase competition with cheaper import substitutes and cause the sector to contract and lay off workers. …”
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Role of men in a women’s empowerment initiative: Evidence from Uganda por Ambler, Kate, Jones, Kelly M., O'Sullivan, Michael

“…In this study, we partnered with Kakira Sugar Limited (KSL), a large sugar company near Jinja, Uganda, that sets the purchase price and buys most of its sugarcane from smallholder contract farm-ers, who are mainly men. Though women participate in labor related to sugarcane, they are infrequently involved in any of the sugar-related marketing activities, meaning that men generally control the sugar-related income.…”
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Nature+ Quantitative Baseline Household & Worker Survey, Kenya por International Food Policy Research Institute, Kula Vyema Centre

“…Additionally, the survey included interviews with 1056 workers, covering socio-demographic characteristics, contract types, forced labor, harassment, workplace health and safety, wages, and overtime. …”
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