Ajay Bhattacharya ( ; 10 January 1914 – 4 January 1999) was a revolutionary activist, communist political organiser, historian, and writer from Sylhet. He became a prominent figure in the region's peasant resistance movements through his leadership in the Nankar Rebellion (1945–48). His written account of the movement is widely regarded as the most significant work of his career. Bhattacharya spent many years in prison during both British and Pakistani rule, remaining active in underground politics and later playing a key role in the formation and ideological direction of the Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist). Alongside his political work, he produced novels, short stories, and historical writings that focused on feudal oppression and popular struggle.
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